IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  inttituta  for  Historical  IMicroraproductions  /  Inatitut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  hiatoriquaa 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquaa 


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which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagas  in  tha 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


n 


n 


□ 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  dsmaged/ 


Couverture  endommagte 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restauria  at/ou  pelliculAe 


I      I   Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g4ographiques  en  couleur 


□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

I      I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrationa  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli^  avac  d'autras  documents 

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mais,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6ti  filmias. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  4tA  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
da  cat  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
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une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthoda  normala  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


pn   Coloured  pages/ 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagias 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurAes  et/ou  pelliculies 

E    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6colortes,  tachaties  ou  piqui 


piquAes 


□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  dttachies 

SShowthrough/ 
Transparence 


Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualit^  intgala  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  matarii 
Comprand  du  mat6riel  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponible 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I    Only  edition  available/ 


Pages  wholly  or  pertially  obscured  by  errata 
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ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalament  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  fauillet  d'errata.  une  pelure. 
etc.,  ont  M  filmtes  k  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

V 

12X 

16X 

aox 

a4x 

28X 

32X 

iplaire 
Les  details 
niques  du 
•nt  modifier 
•xiger  une 
de  filmage 


ed/ 
iquAes 


itaire 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Nationai  Library  of  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
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filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  Impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

IVIaps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  aiid  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  filmi  fut  reproduit  grfice  A  la 
g4n4roslt4  de: 

BibliothAque  nationale  du  Canada 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  At*  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet*  de  l'exemplaire  f llmA.  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sont  filmis  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  termlnant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  fllmis  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  termlnant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dee  symboles  suivants  apparaltra  sur  la 
darnlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  ^^  signlfie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  ▼  signlfie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  it  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cllch6. 11  est  fiimA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArleur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'Images  ntcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
lllustrent  la  m6thode. 


i  by  errata 
mad  to 

nent 

,  une  pelure. 

I  fapon  A 


i 

32X 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

01 


\ 


/ 


REPRESENTATION 


OF    TllK 


I.OU'DS  (M)MMISSI()Ni:i{S  VOW  TUADh  AND  Pr.ANTATlONS 


TO  THE   KING, 


IN     TllK 


sTATi:  OF  Tin;  ivitnisii  colonies 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


f 


M 


1  Ilo»f.l  of  Tra.lo.  ri».  (IfUl.  iK),  N.>.  3-;  King's  M».,  -.'iS,  p.  1, 


-.#♦- 


1721. 


I 


. 


II 


WEKD,    PAKSO.\>    >V    (  o.,    ALliA.W. 
1854. 


.H 


f^ 


REPRESENTATION 


UPON    THE 


STATE  OF  HIS  MAJESTY'S  COLONIES 


IN  NORTH  AMOtlCA. 


-•••- 


TO  THE  KING'S  MOST  EXCELLENT  MAJESTY. 


May  it  please  your  Majesty. 

In  obedience  to  your  Majesty's  commands,  we  have  prepared  the  following  state  of  your 
Majesty's  IMantations  on  the  (-ontiiient  of  America;  wlierein  we  have  distinguished  their 
respective  situations,  Governments,  strengtlis  and  Trade,  and  have  observed  of  what 
importance  their  commerce  is  to  (Jreat  Britain,  whereunto  having  added  an  account  of  the 
French  settlements  -nd  of  the  encroachments  thoy  have  made  in  your  Majesty's  colonies  in 
those  parts ;  we  have  humbly  proposed  such  methods,  as  may  best  prevent  the  increase  of  an 
evil,  which,  if  not  timely  prevented,  may  prove  destructive  to  your  Majesty's  interest ;  and 
have  likewise  oflered  such  considerations,  as,  in  our  opinion,  may  contribute  to  the  improving 
and  enlarging  your  Majesty's  dominions  in  America. 

Your  Majesty's  plantations  on  the  Continent  of  America,  beginning  from  the  North,  are 
Nova  Scotia,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusets,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  Pensylvania,  Maryland  Virginia,  &  Carolina. 

And  although  Newfoundland,  and  Hudson's  IJay  are  both  of  them  parts  of  your  Majesty's 
Territories  in  North  America,  yet  neither  of  them  being  a  Colony  under  civil  Government,  or 
lying  contiguous  to  your  Majesty's  other  Plautations  on  the  continent,  we  have  made  no 
mention  of  them  in  this  represention. 


lii'jircscutation  on  the 


^ 


H 

% 


NOVA  SCOTIA. 

Nova   Scotia,  as   nppoars  I)y   flic  Patent    uraiitcd    I)y   ymir   Maji'sty's  Ffoyal  jirtMlorcHSor 

King  Jaiiu's  tlic  rirst  to  Sir  Wiilinin  Ali'Mind.-i-  (alti'iwanls  civatiMi    I'.ail  of  Slcrlinp)  I ring 

date  till'  ID'hol'ScpttMiihiT  Kit.' I,  contains  all  llic  lands  and  Islands,  lying  witliin  flio  promontory, 
foninionly  callfd  Cape  SaMcs,  Ix'ing  in  I'orty  tlirtc  dcgrt'cs  ot'  \()rtli  l.atilndf,  or  llii'n'alionts, 
tluMii'c  wt'stt'riy  to  the  iSay,  cunnnonly  calli'd  Si  Mary's  i'.ay,  iV  from  tln'ncc  Nor'lu'rly  in  a 
straight  lint-  liy  the  mouth  ol  that  great  I'.iiy  (which  rniis  easterly  up  the  Conntry,  i\  divides 
tile  two  nations  called  Suri(piois  iV  Ktichiniiii  s)  to  the  ri\er  Sidnt  Croix,  thence  westerly  to 
tlip  iicad  of  that  liiver,  thence  northerly  to  '.lie  next  hay.  which  discharges  itself  in  the  Kiver 
S'  I^awrence;  thence  l'',asterly  along  the  cim-I  to  flic  l>ay  of  t  laspe.  thence  soulh-easterly  (o  the 
Bncalio  Islands,  or  Cape  iirelon.  \-  leaving'  i!  :il  island  en  the  riulit,  and  the  ( iidpli  ol  S'  Lawrence 
&  Newfoundland,  and  tlie  Islands  theretn  liilniigiiig  on  tli-'  left,  thence  to  Cape  llrclcni.  in  (he 
liatitude  of    J-'j  degrees,  or  tliereahouis,  theiice  South  we.sl  to  Cape  Sables  again. 

^^'e  have  made  use  of  this  ancient  Charier  fixing  the  houndaries  of  Nova  Scotia,  hecause  tiie 
french  are  daily  setting  up  new  pretensions  i.)  a  \ery  ureal  pai'l  of  this  i'rii\ince  alllio'  the  I  •.'"' 
article  of  the  treaty  concluded  at  I'ireclit.  r\pressly  provides,  that  No\  a  Scotia  shall  he  uivcn 
np  with  its  Ancient  i)oundaries,  &  nolhim:  :<  excepted  (int  of  thi*  cession  iiut  Ca|)e  i'.retoii, 
&  the  other  Islands,  lying  in  the  mouth  ol  llie  river  of  Saint  liawrence,  \-  the  Cnlpli  ot  the 
same  name. 

The  (iovernnient  of  this  province,  hoth  Civil  &•  >iilitary,  is  entindy  in  your  .Majesty;  i)nt  as 
tiiere  are  hitiierto  only  two  or  three  i'.nLrli^h  families  si'ttled  here,  i)esides  the  Carrison  of 
Annapolis,  there  is  very  little  room  for  tic  exercise  of  Civil  Covcrnno'iit  ;  neither  lias  your 
Majest}'  any  revenue  in  this  Country,  the  lands  not  heini:  vet  jieopleil,  iV  irranted  out  upon  (piit 
rents,  as  in  the  other  Colonies.  'I'here  are  two  Towns  in  this  i'rovince,  besides  Annapolis ; 
Minas,  &■  ,'>heganektoo,  hoth  settled  hy  Ireneli  iidiahitaiits,  ahoiit  •J'lHU  jiersoiis  in  nnmher,  wiio 
liave  remained  there  t^ver  since  the  cession  of  this  Cdunlrv  to  i ler  late  Miijeslv,  iuit  are  entindy 
in  tile  fronch  interest,  tV  hy  iheir  conmuuiieanon  \-  inlerniarriages  with  the  neighlioring  Indians 
have  gained  them  to  their  party';  wherehy  liiey  are  enahled  upon  any  occasion  to  euL'age  the 
said  Indians  in  a  war  against  your  Majesty's  Suhjects.  &.-  hy  some  late  accounts  from  Nova  Scotia, 
there  is  too  much  reason  to  believe,  that  tiiev  do,  at  this  pres^Mit  jniicturc,  use  their  endeavours 
to  instigate  the  said  indians  against  the  (larrison  of  Anuapoiis,  iV  others  vour  .Majesty's 
8ui)jects  fishing  at  ("an<;o,  vV  upon  the  Coast  of  Nova  .S'otia. 

The  little  trade,  derived  in  this  Country  at  present,  is  eniirely  in  the  hands  of  these  french 
inhabitants.  It  consists  chielly  in  lish,  wliicli  is  more  plentiful  here,  than  on  any  other  roast 
of  America;  they  have  likewise  some  furrs  \- Cattle,  hut  whatever  products  or  Merchandize 
the  french  inhabitants  liave  to  dispose  of,  is  transported  hy  them  either  to  Cape  IJreton,  (iuelu'C, 
or  directly  to  France,  which  is  to  the  prejudice  of  Creat  liritain;  for  which  reason,  as  well  as 
many  others,  it  is  absolutely  necessary  for  your  .Majesty's  service,  that  these  f'remdi  inhabitants 
should  he  removed;  for  it  is  not  to  be  exp.-cted,  that  they  will  ever  become  good  std>jects  to 
Your  Majesty,  &  there  is  all  the  reason  in  tlie  world  to  apprehend,  that,  upon  any  rupture 
between  the  two  Crowns,  they  may  opi'iily  declare  in  liivour  of  franco. 

It  was  provided  by  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht,  tliat  the  Crenel,  inhabitants  of  Nova  Scotia  sliouid 
have  a  year  allowed  tiiem  to  remove  from  thence,  with  their  elTects;  but  they  have  iong  since 
lapsed  tiiat  time,  &  sucii  as  remained  beyond  it  were,  by  tiie  said  Treaty,  to  become  subjects 


State  of  this  Colonies.  T) 

to  H(«r  Into  Majesty;  lint  tlicae  people,  \w'\\\\r  influenced  hy  their  Priests,  have  hitherto 
uniuiiinoiiHly  refused  to  take  the  oaths  of  Allej;ian(e  to  your  Majesty,  unless  they  may  he 
allowed  an  exeeption  in  favour  of  France,  which  would  render  their  engagements  to  your 
Majesty  entirely  inetleetual. 

Hut  as  we  foresaw,  that  dilliculties  were  likely  to  arise  upon  this  suhject,  so  in  the 
instructions  which  wv  prepared  (or('oIonel  I'hilipps,  Your  Majesties  (Jovernor  of  this  I'rovince, 
a  provision  was  made  for  this  Case,  &  he  is  enjoined  to  proliihit  the  said  french  inhahitants 
refusinji  to  lake  the  <>.iths,  the  iiherty  of  lishiiiu;  on  the  (Coasts,  and  to  prevent  their  removing 
their  eilects,  till  your  Majesty's  further  pleasure  shall  he  known;  &  considering  their  behaviour, 
we  are  of  opinion  it  will  bu  for  your  Majesty's  service  that  they  should  he  ordered  to  quit 
the  I'rovince. 

But  as  to  their  eU'ects,  in  regard  of  the  friendship  subsisting  between  the  two  Nations, 
provided  the  said  Krench  inhahitants  do  leave  their  immovable  efVects,  such  ns  Barns,  & 
dwelling  bouses,  in  good  condition,  we  should  humbly  conceive,  they  might  by  your  Majesty's 
special  <!race  and  favour,  be  allowed  to  carry  oti,  to  such  place  as  they  shall  think  most 
convenient,  all  their  moveables. 

Upon  their  removal  this  I'rovince  will  become  almost  entirely  unpeopled;  and  as  it  is  the 
Northern  frontier  to  your  Majesty's  Colonies,  we  think  it  is  of  the  highest  consequence,  that 
the  samt>  should  be  settled  as  soon  as  possible:  which  reason,  we  would  humbly  propose  to 
your  Miijesty.  the  sending  tour  Kegiments  thither;  and  altho'  we  are  sensible  of  the  expence 
this  would  occasion  for  some  time  to  tJreat  Britain,  yet  we  believe,  the  same  will  not  be 
thought  unreasonable,  considering  the  inclination  the  french  have  shewn  to  enctoach  upon 
your  Majesty's  frcnitiers  in  these  parts,  the  great  strength  they  have  at  Cape  iireton,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  thi.4  I'rovince,  which  will  he  increased  by  the  removal  of  the  frenca 
inhabitants  iroin  Nova  ."^cotia,  (altho'  that  will  be  a  much  less  evil  than  sutl'ering  them  to  remain 
where  they  are,)  and  that  uo  other  way,  so  speedy  as  this,  can  be  proposed  for  peopling 
of  Nova  Scotia. 

We  are  likewise  of  opinion,  that  all  due  encouragement  should  be  given  lo  such  of  your 
Majestv's  subjects,  as  shall  he  willing  to  settle  in  this  I'rovince;  and  that  your  Majesty's 
(Jovernor  may  be  enabled  to  pursue  his  Instructio)'.:^  upon  this  head,  we  take  the  liberty  to  lay 
before  Your  Majesty  the  necessity  there  is,  that  \  ur  Majesty's  Surveyor  CJeneral  of  the  woods 
should  be  tbrthwith  ordered  to  repair  to  Nova  Scotia  there  to  set  apart  "J 00, 000  Acres  in  certain 
tracts  of  Land,  contiguous  to  the  Sea  Coast  or  Navigable  rivers,  proper  for  producing  of  masts 
&  other  timber  for  tiie  service  of  your  Majesty's  Itoyal  Navy;  for  after  this  shall  be  done,  & 
not  before,  the  said  Governor  is  empowered  by  his  Instructions,  to  make  Grants  of  land  in 
small  parcels,  under  the  (iuit  rent  reserved  to  your  Majesty  of  one  shilling,  or  three  pounds  of 
hemp  for  the  service  of  your  Royal  Navy,  for  every  fifty  Acres. 

If  this  Country  was  well  settled,  it  would  be  capable  of  a  very  extensive  trade.  There  are 
to  be  had  as  good  masts,  as  any  in  all  America,  in  great  plenty.  I'ilch,  Tar,  llo/in  Sc 
Turpentine  may  be  made  in  all  parts  of  the  (.'ountry;  &  Hemp  &  Flax  might  be  raised  there 
without  great  expense  ;  to  which,  in  our  opinion,  all  due  encouragement  should  be  given,  that 
(Jreat  Britain  may  in  time,  become  indepeiulent  of  her  Northern  neighbours  for  Naval  Stores. 

But  the  branch  of  Trade  in  this  Country,  which  seems  most  capable  of  immediate  improvement, 
is  that  of  the  fislu-ry  upon  the  Coast,  from  ('ape  Sable,  to  the  gut  of  Cam;o,  which  is  perhaps 
more   valuable   than  any  other  in  America;  but  for  want  of  protection  against  tiie  Indians, 


1 


r 


. 


0  Jieii)\yfiit(ttioH  on  the 

iKhabitinp  Novtx  Srotia,  wl.o  nro  rntir.-ly  in  tl.«  Fn-nd.  i.-tfrrsf.  foxv  BritiHl.  VossrU  .hn-  to 
vtMit.iri.  t.)  ci.iv  tlinr  lisl.  iImt.-;  .S:  tli."  Kivncl.  tmm  IMf'  llivi....,  .•oi.lrary  I..  Hir  h.a(v  ol 
Utred.t  ( l.y  whicl.  tl.ey  an-  expressly  fxclii.l.d  iVon.  all  kind  ul  lisliin^  on  tlu-  .oaM.s  whirl,  lit- 
towards  tl..'  Kast  h.-ginnin.u-  Iron,  il.o  Island  ••oninu.nly  call.'d  Sal.lrs  in.lnsivfly.  and  ihrnre 
slrctci.ing  along  towards  tlu«  South  wt-st. )  ingross  almost  tin-  nitiiv  hnu'lit  ol  tins  valnal.lf 
trad.',  to  whic'li  tlu-y  liave  B.-t  up  an  nnr.-asonable  prrti'mr,  as  app.-ars  l.y  tin-  .iaily  dis|.utfs  w.- 
have  with  liu-ni  concerning  the  lishory  at  t'ans'o;  lor  whicli  reasons,  it  wouhl  i)c  lor  jour 
Majfsti.'s  Service,  that  some  small  Forts  mi-hl  he  i)uilt  without  loss  of  time,  in  juoper  phwes 
upon  the  Coast  &  Islands  from  Cape  Sahles  to  the  Cut  ol  (.'aii<,-o,  lor  the  seiuriiy  of  this  Trade, 
&.  particularly  on  Saiiil  (ieorge's  Island,  which  is  one  ol'  those  that  I'orni  the  (.'ape  ol  l.'anso,  & 
has  the  greater  Cominaiid  of  tlie  little  15ay  there ;  which  will  i)e  the  more  necessary,  in  regard 
that  there  are  no  Forts  or  Ibrtilications  in  this  Frovince.  hut  one  at  Amiiipolis  Koyal,  in  the 
Hay  of  Fuiidy,  with  a  (Jarriaon  of  live  conipmies  of  ahout  forty  men  each;  whereas  the  Irench 
nt  tJape  Uretoii  are  very  strong,  having  huill  two  consider.ible  Forts  there,  give  all  manner  ol 
encouragement  to  such  people  as  are  willing  to  settle  with  them,  &  are  actually  settling  some 
other  Islands  on  the  t'oasl  of  Nova  Scotia. 

It  will   likewise  be  of  great  importance,  that  a  small   man  of  War  siiould  be  constantly 
employed  to  attend  this  Colony,  wliich  has  at  present  so  many  dilliculties  to  struggle  with. 


.f5 


f 


NKW  IIAMFSIIIUK. 

The  next  Province  is  that  of  New  IIamcshiiie.  The  soil  belongs  to  a  proprietor,  but  tbe 
Government  is  iti  your  .Majesty.  This  Colony  lies  between  the  Massacbusets  Hay  &  liu'  province 
of  Maine,  wliicli  last  is  comprehended  in  the  Charter  of  the  .Massacbusets  liay.  King  James 
tlie  First,  did,  by  his  Letters  patents  ot  the  thinl  of  November  in  the  1^"'  year  of  his  Keign, 
grant  to  tlie  Duke  of  Lenox  (under  the  name  of  the  Council  of  Flymouth)  "All  that  part  A: 
portion  of  that  Country,  now  commonly  called  New  Kngland,  which  is  situate,  lying  &  being 
between  tbe  Latitude  of  40  degrees  &  1^  of  .Northerly  Latitude,  together  with  the  Seas  & 
Islands  lying  within  one  iiundred  miles  of  any  part  of  the  said  coast  of  the  country  al'oresai«l." 

Tbe  Council  of  IMymoutii  did,  by  their  Indenture  of  the  T'*"  .November  Hl"J'.t,  in  tbe  S""  year 
of  tiie  lleigu  of  King  Charles  the  First,  grant  to  John  Mason  of  London  Ksij.  that  tract  of 
Land  now  called  New  Hampshire,  the  boundaries  whereof  are  as  follow,  viz' 

"AH  that  part  of  the  main  Land  in  New  Kngland,  lying  upon  the  ."^ea  coast,  beginning  from 
the  middle  part  of  Merrymack  river,  &  from  thence  to  proceed  northwards  along  the  Sea  const 
to  Piscattaway  River,  &  so  forwards,  up  within  tbe  said  Hiver,  iV  to  the  furthest  head  thereof; 
&  from  thence  Northwestward,  until  sixty  miles  be  fmished  Irom  the  first  entrance  of 
Piscattaway  River  &  also  from  Merrimack  througli  the  said  River,  and  to  the  furtiiest  bead 
thereof,  &  so  forward  up  into  tbe  Land  Westward,  until  Sixty  miles  l)e  linished;  &  from  thence 
to  cro.s8  over  land  to  the  sixty  miles  end,  accounted  from  Piscattaway  River;  together  with  all 
Islands  &  lsl»?ts  within  five  Leagues  distance  of  the  premises,  and  abutting  upon  the  same  or 
any  part  or  parcel  thereof." 

At  first  this  Province  was  under  the  Government  of  the  Massacbusets  Bay  ;  but  in  the  year 
1G79  King  Charles  tbe  second  separated  it  from  the  Massacbusets  Hay  &  appointetl  a 
President  &  Council  to  govern  the  .same;  &  in  the  year  l(jS|,  His  said  Majesty  appointed 
Edward  Cranlield  His  Governor  of  this  Province;  when  the  said  Mason  did,  lor  tbe  support 


State  of  th<f  Colonies.  T 

of  tliB  (Jovernor  nnd  tlio  Governm«'nt,  Hiirn-nder  to  Ilin  Mnjesty  liia  riglit  to  all  fines  & 
rorU'itiiri'H,  vvhicli  slioiild  nriw^  or  happen  in  tlw  niiid  Province,  as  iiIho  on»5  full  fifth  part  of  nil 
Hiicli  KiMitH,  ri>vt>niH>N  &  profitR.  uh  HJiould  from  time  to  time  arisu  to  liim,  his  heirs,  or  AHHigns, 
out  of  tlie  Maid  province. 

The  properly  of  the  lands  here  was  sonie  years  afterwards  sold  l)y  Mason  to  one  Alien 
whose  heirs  (»r  Assigns  are  now  in  possession  ol  them. 

The  nnmher  of  people  in  this  I'rovinee  upon  the  arrival  of  Colonel  »Shnte,  the  present 
(Joveriior,  in  tlie  year  I7I(»,  was  computed  at  ahout  !>00(),  of  which  there  were  1600  men,  very 
few  wiiite  servants,  and  l.'iO  blacks:  the  increase  during  the  last  four  years,  was  ahout  500. 

Tlie  Indians,  that  bordered  upon  this  Province,  are  those  which  are  called  the  eastern  Indians, 
entirely  in  the  french  interest. 

Lumber,  Fish,  Masts  for  the  lloyal  Navy,  &  Turpentine  are  the  chief  produce  of  this 
Province;  they  build  some  siiips,  but  not  so  many  since  the  last  war  as  before;  they  have 
some  mines,  which  produce  very  good  Iron,  tho' but  little  of  it  hath  been  hitherto  forged; 
there  are  likewise  great  quantities  of  Stone,  in  which  'tis  believed  there  may  be  silver.  The 
annual  produce  of  these  commodities  is  very  uncertain,  the  price  falling  \'  rising  according  to 
the  demand  there  is  for  them,  seldom  exceeding  t".'JO,()(K)  per  Annum  of  New  Kngland  money. 

This  Province  would  produce  hemp  &  flax  if  proper  encouragement  were  given  for  it,  &  the 
people  had  good  seed  for  the  first  sowing. 

They  export  their  Lumber,  &  some  part  of  their  fish  to  the  neighbouring  Governments  of 
the  West  Indies,  &  to  the  Western  Islands,  from  whence  they  get  their  Wines.  They  likewise 
have  sent  some  Lumber,  tar  &  Turpentine  of  late  to  this  Kingdom,  in  exchange  for  liiinen  & 
woolen  manufactures;  but  they  have  some  supplies  of  this  kind  from  Ireland  also,  either 
directly  or  by  way  of  other  plantations.  Their  best  &  most  merchantable  fish  is  exported  to 
Portugal  8c  Italy  &  the  produce  of  it  generally  remitted  to  this  Kingdom  except  what  is 
returned  in  Salt  for  the  fishery. 

'['heir  fishing  is  much  increased  since  the  Peace  with  France,  but  the  Lumber  trade 
decreased,  by  reason  of  the  low  price  it  bears  in  the  West  Indies,  &  the  little  encouragement 
there  is  to  send  it  to  this  Kingdom,  because  of  the  duties  on  that  commodity  here. 

The  Ships,  trading  directly  from  this  Province  to  foreign  parts,  are  now  very  few,  not 
exceeding  «'U  in  number,  but  they  have  about  lOU  fishing  vessels,  &^  the  number  of  sea  faring 
men  is  near  400,  tho'  many  of  them  not  settled  Inhabitaats  there ;  and  there  are  no  manufactures 
carried  on  in  this  province. 

There  is  but  one  fortification  in  this  Colony,  called  Castle  William  and  Mary  which  is  situate 
at  the  mouth  of  the  harbour  of  Piscattaway,  on  which  there  are  forty  two  Guns  mounted,  & 
it  is  in  a  tolerable  state  of  defence. 

The  constitution  of  this  Province  is  the  same  with  nil  others,  immediately  under  your 
Majesty's  (Jovernment  in  America.     They  have  a  Governor,  Council  &  Assembly. 

The  Governor  ic  Lieutenant  Governor  for  the  time  being,  are  appointed  by  your  Majesty, 
as  is  the  Council,  which  consists  of  twelve  persons.  The  Assembly  are  elected  by  the  people, 
&  consisla  of  fiUeen,  but  the  Iteveuue  of  this  Province  is  hitherto  very  insignificnut. 


JitjmWIltllliiKI    ell    the 


«"' 


MASS.UMirSKTS  |;\N. 

'I'lio  IVoviin'i'  of  tlie  M.\sMAnir!-i:T'M  Miiy.  wnst  I»y  Ifltcri*  Pntcnf  (Vmn  Kiiiir  .liiiiifs  ilii>  I'lr;.!, 
dati'd  tlu!  !{"'  tif  NovciiiImt  in  llic  I  >>'•'  N.'.ir  ut    liis  \■^•\\^u,  gniiilcd  In  llif  Coiimil  cslalili.Hlii'd  at 

I'lyiiioiilli,  \'  llii-  niiiil  C'tmiicil  did,  liy  .m  In.lfritiin'  under  liicir  Con m  Scid.  lifiiriiif;  dali- 

till-  lii""  day  ol  .March,  in  tin-  ■"!''  year  ol  llif  ri'ifjn  of  Kinjj  Cliarlfs  tlu'  lirsl,  ^raiil  all  llic  •  lid 
liUnds  nionlioni'd  liicri'iii  to  irrtaiii  ihtkoiis,  ilifir  lii-irM  &:  assi^-iiM,  wliicli  wnt  •■onlirnird  liy  .  > 
said  King  ("liarli'?t  in  tin-  foiirlli  year  of  liit  riign.  llowfMT,  in  lii^l  a  Judunifnl  \w'\\\^  given 
ill  llic  Court  «if  Clianiery  upon  a  seirr  f.ii.as,  llii'  said  patent  w.is  vacated  liy  Kioi;  CliarleM 
the  second. 

Uut  upon  a  IVtitioii  id'  tlie  Agents  of  ll.al  Colony  to  tlieir  late  M  ijestieM  King  William  Sc 
Qiiei'ti  Mary,  praying  to  In;  re-incorporaled,  wn  formerly,  tlieir  !<aid  MijeMiien  \v»t«'  graciotinly 
pleased  to  grant  a  charier  to  the  iiiliahil.ints  td' the  Cnlony  of  the  Massaclmsets  Hay;  the 
boundaries  contained  therein,  are  as  (olinws.  ".New  Kiigland  which  lies  &  extends  Iroin 
the  great  Kivercoininoidy  called  Monamack,  alius  Merrimack,  on  the  north  part,  and  from  three 
niilen  Nortliward  of  the  Maid  KivtT  to  the  Atlantick  or  Western  sea  or  ocean  on  the  South 
part,  &  all  the  lands  &  Hereditaments  wliitsoever  within  the  limits  aforesaid,  iV  extending  as  far 
ns  the  outermost  partH  or  promontories  ol  Laud  called  (ape  Cod  &  Cape  Malahar  norlli  \' 
south,  &  in  latitude,  breadth  &  in  lengtli,aiid  Longitude  of,  and  within  all  the  breadth  &  compaHs 
aforesaid,  throughout  the  main  land  there,  from  tlie  said  Attaiitiek  nea  &:  ocean  on  the  cast 
part  towards  tlie  South  sea,  or  Westwanl  as  far  as  our  Colonies  td'  Kliode  Island,  Connecticut 
&  tilt!  Narraganset's  country;  &  also  all  that  part  &  portion  of  main  laud,  beginning  at  the 
entrance  of  I'iscattaway  Harbour,  &  so  to  pass  up  tlie  same  into  the  furthest  heail  tliereid';  Ar 
from  thence  .Northwestwards  till  I'JO  miles  be  finished,  &  from  I'iscattaxxay  Harbour  mouth 
fiforesnid,  north  eastward  along  the  sea  (dast  t)f  Sagadahock;  and  from  the  period  of  I'JO 
Miles  aforesaid  to  cross  over  laud  to  the  120  miles  before  reckoned  up  into  the  land  from 
Piscattaway  harbour  through  Newickmannock  Kiver,  iV  also  the  .North  half  t)f  the  Isle  t)f 
Shoals,  together  with  the  Isles  of  Capawack  &  .Nantucket,  near  Cape  Cod  aforesaid;  &•  also 
the  lands  &  hereditaments  lying  &•  being  in  the  Country  or  territory  commonly  caMeil  Acadia, 
or  Nova  Scotia,  &  all  those  laiuls  vV  hereditaments  lying  &  extending  between  the  said  comitry  or 
Territory  of  Xova  Scotia  &  the  .said  river  of  Sagadahock,  or  any  part  thereof,  Ac  all  Lands, 
grounds,  places,  soils,  woods  &  wood  groiinds,  havens,  ports,  rivers,  waters,  A:  other  heretlitaments 
&  premi.ses  whatsoever,  lying  within  tiie  said  boiintls,  A:  limits  aforesaid,  and  every  part  vV 
parcel  thereof,  &  also  all  Islands  &  Islets  lying  within  ten  leagues  directly  opposite  to  the  main 
land,  within  the  said  bounds,  &  all  mines  &  minerals,  as  well  Hoyal  Mines  of  gold  Sc  silver,  as 
other  mines  &  minerals  whatsoever  in  the  said  lands  &  premi.ses,  or  any  part  thereof." 

But  we  beg  leave  to  observe  to  your  .Majesty,  that,  altho'  Nova  Scotia  is  e.xpressly  included 
in  this  Charter,  yet  the  same  being,  at  the  time  the  Charter  was  granted,  in  possession  of  the 
french,  by  virtue  of  the  Treaty  of  Breda,  this  part  of  the  (irant  has  always  been  esteemed  of 
no  efTect,  &  the  people  of  New  Kngland  do  not  pretend  any  right  thereunto. 

The  Government  consists  of  a  Governor,  Council  &  A.ssembly,  the  (Jovernor  is  appointed  by 
your  Majesty,  the  Council  consists  of  'JS  persons,  who  are  annually  chosen  by  the  Assembly. 
The  Governor  has  a  negative  voice  upon  the  nomination  of  them,  \'  also  upon  all  Elt^ctions  of 
Officers  in  that  Province,  The  Asseud.ly  are  chosen  by  the  |)eople,  &  consists  of  'J8.  There 
is  a  Secretary  appointed  by  your  Majesty,  &  paid  by  the  Assembly. 


State  of  the  Coloniefi.  9 

'I'liiiH,  altlio*  \\w  (lovrrninciit  of  lliin  I'ruvinco  be  nominiilly  in  tliu  Crown,  Sc  the  (loveniur 
ii|)|i()iiiti'il  l)y  yiiiir  Miijt'Hty,  yet  til)'  uiie*|iiiil  lialaiire  ol  tlieir  (-(111x1111111011  liaviiig  lodged  too 
^ri<at  a  power  in  the  AMMeinhly,  this  |)ro\iiice  is,  ^V  iHaKvaysi  likely  loeoiitiiiiie  in  great  disorder, 
'i'liey  do  Mitt  pay  a  due  regard  to  your  ^lilj•■Mty's  liistriictioiis ;  tliey  do  not  make  a  xuitalile 
provision  lor  the  inaiiilenaiice  ot  their  (iovcnior,  &  on  all  ueeaHiom:  they  iillect  too  great  an 
iiidependenee  on  their  Mother  Kingdom. 

It  liiiM  generally  hei-n  tli(niglit,  that  an  Act  of  AsKenilily  paxsed  in  this  Province  In  the  0"'  year 
ot°  IliH  late  MiiJeHly  King  Williiim  (which,  hy  virtoe  ot  a  clause  in  their  Charter  not  having 
lieen  repealed  within  three  yearx,  HtaiidH  an  ahsoliitely  conllrmed  sim  it  the  Maine  had  received 
the  Koyal  approhation)  liaM  not  11  little  contrihiiled  to  the  preHent  diHorderH  there,  in  uh  miicli 
as  hy  the  Haid  Act  it  in  provided,  that  no  perHoii  MJiall  lie  capable  of  repreNeiiting  any  town  or 
lioroiigli  where  hiicIi  person  is  not  a  Ireidiolder  &  settled  inhahitnnt  ;  Ironi  whence  it  happens, 
that  the  Assembly  is  generally  tilled  with  people  ol  snntll  Ibrtiines  &-  mean  ca|)acities,  who  are 
easily  led  into  any  ineaaureB  tliatMeem  tu  enlarge  their  liberties  &  privileges,  how  detrimental 
soever  the  same  may  be  to  (ireat  llritain,  or  to  your  Majesty's  Koyal  I'rerogative. 

The  Inhahitanls  are  very  nnnieroiis,  ^^  daily  iiicreasing,  &'.  are  computed  to  be  at  prest>nt 
about  t)|,t)()0  souls. 

The  Militia  ol  this  I'ruvince,  consista  ot  Sixteen  regimentsol  Toot,  &:  iit'teen  Troops  ot  horse, 
in  which  were  mustered, 

«>       Anno 

17n-j   Men     9,012. 

1710 I(),!»17.  besides  .100  in  service. 

\1\H     14,!t:io.        '•         ;{00    otlicers   & 

800   exempts. 

1,000 


Hy  this  account  it  appears,  that  llic  Militia  is  increased  above  one  third  in  sixteen  years;  &  if 
the  said  militia  be  supposed  to  bear  only  the  proportion  of  one  sixth  to  all  the  rest  of  the 
Inhabitants,  including  old  men,  women  &'  children,  it  will  naturally  follow,  that  upon  a 
proportionate  increase,  there  must  be  at  present  above  J0,000more  inhabitanta  in  New  Kngland 
than  there  were  there  in  17t>ti. 

There  are  also  in  this  Province  several  families  of  the  native  Indians,  wlio  have  been 
civilized  by  degrees,  these  make  some  profession  of  the  Christian  Religion,  improve  their  own 
lands,  &  dwell  in  perfect  friendship  with  your  .Majesty's  Subjects,  their  number  (including 
wome!!  it.  children)  amounts  to  about  1,'JOO. 

The  products  of  this  Country  proper  for  the  consumption  of  this  Kingdom,  are  timber, 
turpentine,  tar  &  pitch,  masts,  pipe  &  bogshead  staves,  whale  tins  &  oil,  ic  some  furs.  They 
supply  Spain,  Portugal,  Sc  the  West  Indies  with  considerable  (juantities  of  tish  ic  Lumber. 
We  are  likewise  informed,  that  they  have  mines  of  several  kinds,  which  might  be  wrought 
upon  proper  encouragement. 

Their  'J'rade  to  the  foreign  plantations  in  Americn  consists  cbietly  in  the  Exportation  of 
Horses  to  Surinam,  and  (as  we  are  informed)  to  Martinico,  &  the  other  trench  Islands,  which 
is  n  very  great  discouragement  to  the  Sugar  planters  in  the  British  Islands;  for  without  these 
supplies,  neither  the  trench  nor  the  Dutch  could  curry  on  their  sugar  works  to  any  great  degree ; 
&;  in  return  for  their  Horses,  they  receive  Sugar,  molasses  &  rum. 


;:•!■ . 


10 


MepremHittion  on  the 


i 


li-! 


In  this  Province  there  nre  nil  sorts  of  Common  ^fanuractiirfs.  Tlu'  Inliahilanis  have  always 
worked  up  tlieir  own  wool  into  coarse  Cloths,  druffuets,  &  serges;  hut  these,  as  well  as  their 
lioniespun  linnen,  which  is  sjenerally  half  cotton,  serve  only  for  the  use  ol  the  meanest  sort  of 
people.  A  great  part  of  the  Leather  used  in  the  Country  is  also  manufactured  among 
tiiemselves;  some  liatters  have  lately  set  up  their  trade  in  the  |)riruMpal  Towns;  iV  several 
Irish  families,  not  lonir  since  arrived,  &  settled,  to  the  Kastward,  make  yood  Liniu-n  &  diaper; 
however,  the  excessive  price  of  Ial)our  enliatices  tlu>  value  of  idl  tlu'ir  manufactures. 

It  is  therefore  to  he  presumed,  that  necessity.  iV  luit  choice,  has  put  them  upiui  erecting 
manufactures;  not  having  sulHcient  couuModities  of  their  own  to  ui\e  in  exchange  for  lliose 
they  do  receive  already  trom  (!reat  Britain;  &  the  most  natural  method  of  curinir  tliis  evil 
would  he  to  allow  them  all  proper  encuiiragement  for  the  importation  of  Naval  Stores,  & 
minerals  of  all  kinds. 

The  hranci)  of  Trade  whicli  is  of  the  greatest  importance  to  them,  \'  which  they  arc  hest 
enahled  to  carry  on,  is  the  huilding  of  Sliips,  Sloops  \-c.  And  according  to  our  advices  from 
thence,  they  have  anmially  launched  from  I  10  to  KiO  vessels  of  all  sorts,  which  at  40  tons  one 
with  another,  amount  to  GOOO  Tons;  &  altlio'  liie  greatest  part  are  huilt  for  account  of,  lu-  s(dd 
to  the  Merchants  of  this  Kingdom,  &  in  the  plantations,  nevertheless  there  helongs  to  this 
Province  ahout  100  sail,  which  may  contain  S.OUO  tons,  &  are  navigated  with  ahout  1,100 
men,  besides  l.!)0  boats,  with  000  men,  enipoyed  in  the  tisheries  on  their  own  Coast. 

Their  Iron  works  which  were  erected  many  years  past,  furnish  them  with  small  quantities 
of  iron  for  common  use,  hut  the  iron  iin|iorted  from  this  Kii'gdom,  being  esteemed  much 
better,  it  is  generally  used  in  their  ship|)iiig. 

The  fortilications  in  this  province  are  Fort  William  on  Castle  Island,  in  the  harhour  of 
Boston,  which  Commands  the  entrance,  \  is  kept  in  very  good  repair. 

Fort  Mary  at  Winter-harbour,  and 

Fort  George  at  Brunswick,  at  the  head  o(  Casco  bay;  &  besides  the  (iarrisons,  that  are 
kept  constantly  in  these  forts,  they  maintain  others  at  Augusta,  Northtield,  &  Arrowchick 

In  the  year  171  *>- 19  the  charges  of  supporting  the  (iarrison  at  Fort  ^        ,      ,, 

WMIliam  amounted  to ., 13('cJ.    1.   ;\ 

The  repairs  of  the  said  Fort iy7-j .  1 1  .    ] 

And  the  charges  of  all  the  other  (iarrisons  amounted  to t»07i>.   'J.  10 

in  all fH0().15.   \l 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  this  province  there  are  hut  few  Indians  well  alFected  to  us,  except 
the  five  nations  near  New  York,  who  are  in  alliance  &  friendship  with  that  (Jovernment,  & 
maintain  for  the  most  |)art  neutrality  with  the  frencli  Indians.  To  the  Kastward  there  are  but 
two  tribes  of  note  the  Kenneheck,  &  Penobscot  Indians,  whose  mind)er  doth  not  exceed  ."iOO 
fighting  men.  The  rest  are  scattered  up  &•  down  in  snuill  parties,  they  are  generally  inclined 
to  the  frencb,  whose  missionaries  always  reside  amongst  them,  &  seduce  them  to  their  inteiest, 
but  the  Canada  Indians,  viz'  the  Hiirons,  Illinois,  &  other  nations,  who  are  entirely  directed 
by  the  frencb,  are  numerous:  &  in  the  late  long  wars,  being  assisted  by  them,  often  fell  upon 
our  western  settlements,  ravaging  &  destroying  all  before  them,  &  barbarously  murthering 
many  of  the  inhabitants,  whereby  this  province  was  involved  in  the  great  debt  they  are  still 
labouring  under;  &  having  no  money,  nor  any  provincial  product,  such  as  Tobacco  in  Virginia, 


\ 


State  of  the  Coloniea.  11 

or  Sugar  in  the  Islands,  tliey  have  been  constrained  ever  since  to  support  their  credit  by 
publicly  bills,  whicli  are  current  in  payment,  but  tliey  have  till  very  lately,  raised  money  every 
year  for  sinl^ing  tlieni  by  degrees  &  according  to  tiie  Treasurer's  accounts,  they  burnt  as  many 
of  their  old  bills  as  amounted  to  i'217!)2. 1'.b"'  in  1718,  &  4:2i.',244.1&'.6''  in  1719;  &  issued 
new  bills,  to  the  amount  but  of  4.15,000. 

Hut  amongst  many  other  irregular  &  unaccountable  proceedings  of  the  last  session  of 
Assembly  there,  we  lind  they  have  passed  an  Act  for  emitting  new  Bills  of  credit  to  the 
amount  of  l-'iO.OOO,  in  direct  opposition  to  your  Majestys  instructions  upon  that  subject. 

The  total  expense  of  this  province,  in  time  of  war  with  france,  was  generally  computed  at 
.£35,000  per  Annum  &  since  the  peace  at  jt"  17,00(1  per  Annum. 

In  111.' year  ending  in  May  1719.  i;      •      d 

The  Land  &  I'oll  Tax  was  given  for 82.50 

The  Kxcise  with  some  arrears  produced 2S'')S.  1 1  .   7 

The  impost  on  wine,  &  other  (!oods 5111).    !).   0 

The  tonnage  on  Shipping 022.   7.   1 

The  light  House  account,  &  lines OS.  1 1 .   r> 

in  all 116,1)48. ly.   1 

but  deducting  what  is  applied  for  discharging  their  former  debts,  the  certain  annual  charge  of 
the  (lovernment  is  about  ^,11,000. 

The  j)ulilick  accounts  are  all  annually  exaniincd  &  audited  by  the  (leneral  Assembly  ;  &  no 
payment  is  made,  before  it  is  vote<l  &  ordt-red  by  the  said  Assembly;  which  method,  as  far  as 
jt  relates  to  the  (iovernor's  &  some  other  Ollicers  Salaries  we  humbly  conceive  mav  be  one 
time  or  other  prejudicial  to  your  .Majesty's  service;  and  it  is  certain.,  the  last  Assembly  have 
retrenched  the  (iovernor's  Salary  there  very  considerably  probably  because  he  hath  done  his 
Duty  to  your  .Majesty,  Sc  refused  to  comply  with  their  inclinations,  in  methods  contrary  to  your 
Majestys  Instructions. 


iniODK  ISLAND. 

HiiooK  IsLANn  has  usually  been  ieported  a  part  of  New  England,  lying  in  the  Narraganset 
ilay,  &  the  territory,  comprehended  in  the  (Jraiil  of  that  Colony,  is  bounded  on  the  west  by 
tiu'  channel  of  a  River  called  racatuck,or  I'awcawtuck,  stretching  Northerly  to  the  head  of  the 
said  river,  \-  from  thence  by  a  straight  line  due  .North  to  the  South  boundary  of  the  .Massachusets 
Colony  on  the  North,  &  on  the  Kast  by  tne  said  .Massachusets  Colony,  &  on  the  South  by  the 
Ocean  ;  &  the  charter  for  this  Colony  particularly  grants  the  lands  belonging  unto  the  town  of 
Providence  Patuxt't,  Warwick,  Misgammacock,  alias  Pawcatuck,  &  the  rest  upon  the  main  land 
in  the  tract  aforesaid,  together  with  Ithode  Island,  Block  Island  &  all  the  rest  of  the  Islands  & 
Banks  in  the  Narraganset's  Bay,  &  bordering  upon  the  coast  of  the  tract  aforesaid,  Fisher's 
Island  only  excepted. 

This  is  a  Charier  (iovernment,  granted  by  King  Charles  the  second,  in  the  l.'i"'  year  of  his 
reign,  &  consists  of  a  (iovernor  (Council  &  .\ssenibly.  The  King  appointed  the  first  Governor, 
Deputy  Oovernor  &c.  but  they  have  since  been  annually  chosen  among  ihemselves,  by  which 
means  they  evade  the  Act  of  the  7"'  &  S""  of  King  William,  intituled  "An  Act  for  preventing 
frauds  &  regulating  abuses  in  the  plantation  trade,"  whereby  it  is  enacted,  that  all  propriety 


I'J 


Representation  on  the 


Si 


I    : 


Governors  shall  bo  nllowftl  &  appn-ved  (if  by  your  Maji-siy.  bftori'  llii-y  fiitfr  upon  tite 
(Jovfriimoiit.  But  by  c'lioosiiin  tlit'ir  (iuvciiior  aiiiiiially.  liio" 'tis  ufncraily  tlic  saint'  person, 
his  turn  is  expired,  before  any  such  approiiation  can  be  bad,  if  they  did  apply  lor  it,  pursuant 
to  tlie  above  Act,  which  hitherto  tlu-y  never  have  done. 

We  find  that  in  the  year  KiitT,  an  Instriution  was  uiven  to  tlie  late  Karl  of  liellonHin',  then 
Governor  of  the  >fassac]iuset\s  l$ay  \-c  in  the  foUowini:  words,  vi/' 

"And  lastly,  whereas  the  Lords  S|iiriliial  &  temporal  in  I'arlianieiit  have  also  by  their 
"  forementioned  Address  liuinbly  proposed  to  His  Majesty,  that  the  Colonies  of  Connecticut, 
"  Rhode  Island  &  Providence  Plantation,  linviui:  their  (iovernors  \-,  Assistants  chosen  Annually 
"  by  the  people  there,  having  no  proprietors  here  in  Knsiland,  \-  beinu  become  a  great  receptacle 
"  for  pirates,  &  carrying  on  several  illegal  trades,  contrary  to  the  Acts  for  the  (iovernment  of 
•'the  Plantations,  the  (iovernors  of  those  several  places,  may  therefore  be  obliged  to  give 
"  security  to  observe  &:  obey  all  inslruclioiis  that  shall  lie  sent  to  tlicm  Ironi  His  Majesty,  or 
"any  acting  under  his  Authority  pnrMiaut  to  the  several  Acts  of  'I'rade,  relating  to  the 
"Plantations;  His  Majesty's  Will  &  i'leasurt'  is,  that  the  respective  (iovernors  ot  these 
"forementioned  Colonies  do  give  unto  yen  sm-b  security,  accoiding  to  the  form  of  a  liond 
"  |)rei)ared  here,  l)y  Our  Attorney  (Icm  ral  for  that  purpose  which  will  be  herewith  delivered 
"  to  you,  &  that  you  therefore  accordingly  reipiire  it  Ironi  them." 

But  the  said  Instructions  having  not  been  continued  to  the  succeeding  (Jovernors,  we  conceive 
it  necessary,  that  it  should  be  repeated. 

As  to  the  number  of  inhabitants  in  this  Colony  their  trade  \-  state  of  their  (iovernment,  we 
have  but  very  imperfect  accounts;  \-  imleed  the  .Mislea/ances  of  tiiis  vV  most  of  the  other 
proprietary  (Governments  are  so  numerous,  that  we  shall  not  trouble  your  Majesty  with  them 
in  this  place,  i»ut  will  take  leave  to  give  our  liumble  opinion  concerning  them  in  the  concluding 
part  of  this  representation. 


COWKCTICIT. 

Co.vxECTiciT  is  bounded  on  the  Kiisi  by  Narraganset  Uiver.  commonlv  i  ailed  Nurraganset 
Bay,  where  the  said  |{iver  falleth  into  the  sea,  on  the  .North  by  the  hue  of  the  Mass.ichusets 
plantation,  &  on  the  South  by  the  sea. 

This  government  is  upon  the  same  foot  as  Rhode  Island,  under  the  same  regulations  of 
(iovernment,  &  liable  to  the  same  inconveniences. 


!       I 


M:\V  YORK. 

The  Government  of  \i;w  Yokk,  in  which  Long  Island  is  incbid.'d,  is  bounded  on  the  South 
west  by  tlie  province  of  New  Jersey,  .North  west  by  D.daware  river.  North  by  the  french 
settlements  on  Canada  river.  Last  by  the  Colony  of  Connecticut,  \-  .Saith  by  the  sea. 

This  Government  is  in  the  Crown.  V,.iir  .Majesty  ajipoints  the  (iovernor,  &  Council,  which 
consists  of  twelve  persons,  the  Assembly  is  chosen  by  the  |)eople,  &  is  compo.sed  of 
nineteen  members. 

The  Governor  in  this,  as  in  all  other  Provinces  under  your  .Miijesty's  immediate  (iovernment, 
has  a  .Negative  in  passing  laws.  His  salary  is  XIMO  per  Amuini,  payable  out  of  llie  revenue 
of  the  province. 


State  of  tile  Colonies. 


13 


Jl  J  no  fixed  revenue  belonging  to  tht?  Crown,  besides  tb«  quit-rents,  whicb  liave  been 
estal)![  u'd  only  since  tiie  year  1702,  by  an  Instruction  from  Her  late  Majesty  to  tlie  Lord 
Cornbuiy,  then  Governor  of  that  province,  at  tlie  rate  of  2'  C'  on  every  100  acres  of  land  to 
be  granted  from  that  time,  &  are  to  l)e  accounted  for  here  in  this  Kingdom.  Tiiese  quit  rents 
have  not  hitherto  amounted  to  much  more  than  .£100  a  year;  but  having  been  put  under  a 
better  regulation  by  Hrigadier  Hunter,  the  late  (jovernor,  it  is  expected  they  amount  in  some 
time  to  more  than  double  that  sum  every  year. 

The  revenue  raised  by  the  A8send)ly  for  the  support  of  tiie  (Jovernment,  has  never  been 
granted  for  any  term  exceeding  live  yei'.rs,  the  last  grant  of  it  was  to  expire  this  year;  but  M'' 
Burnet  the  present  (iovernor,  has  got  it  prolongi-d  for  live  years  more. 

The  natural  produce  of  this  Country  consists  in  provisions,  which  are  sent  to  the  British 
Islands  in  the  West  Indies;  in  Horses  sent  to  Surinam,  Cura(,oa,  &  8'  Thomas,  &  in  Whale-oil, 
&  peltry  to  this  Kingdom ;  besides  some  Naval  stores,  which  this  Country  is  capable  of  producing 
in  very  great  quantities,  if  proper  measures  were  taken  for  this  purpose. 

In  the  year  1701),  a  scheme  was  proposed  by  this  board,  &  approved  by  Her  late  Majesty, 
for  employing  ;{U0()  I'.ilatines  in  this  work.  Accordingly  near  that  number  were  sent  over,  to 
be  maintained  at  Her  Majesty's  rxpense,  till  they  could  be  settled  so  as  to  provide  for  their  own 
subsistence,  &  be  able  by  their  labour  to  repay  by  degrees  the  money  advanced  on  their 
accounts,  of  which  number  2227  were  settled  on  several  |)laces  contiguous  to  the  Woods  on 
Hudson's  River,  employed  in  preparing  of  trees  lor  the  making  of  tar,  &  had  actually  in  the 
year  17  i;{,  prepared  above  100,000  trees,  capahlt!  of  produding  about  ;300()0  barrels  of  Tar, 
which,  at  S'  |ter  barrel,  the  price  it  was  then  sold  for  at  New  York,  would  have  amounted  to 
^12,000,  but  before  this  could  he  perfected  Brigadier  Hunter,  who  was  at  that  time  Governor 
of  the  I'rovince,  after  having  subsisted  those  I'alatines,  as  long  as  In-  ]was  able  to  do  it,  upon 
his  own  money  &'.  credit,  without  receiving  llu'  promised  remittaiu'es  from  hence,  or  orders  to 
tliscoiitinue  the  undertaking,  was  obliged  to  put  a  stop  to  it,  when  it  might  otherwise  havf 
proved  a  very  great  advantage  to  this  Kingdom.  Some  ot  the  I'alatines  remained,  and  applied 
themselves  to  husbandry  &c.  The  rest  dispersed  into  the  neighbouring  Colonies,  or  into 
distant  parts  of  this  province,  where  they  siltleil  themselves  in  a  riotous  maniu-r,  on  lands 
belonging  to  other  |)ersons  ;  &  having  presented  a  petition  about  two  years  ago  to  the  then 
Lonls  Justices,  in  wliich  they  <lesired,  upon  false  suggestions,  to  have  the  possession  of  those 
lauds  coidirmed  to  them,  this  matter  has  been  referred  to  the  present  Governor,  .M'  Burnet,  to 
examine  &  report  thereupon. 

This  province  could  likewise  furnish  iron  in  great  quantities.  It  has  some  Coi)per  &  lead, 
but  at  a  great  distance  from  the  British,  &  anu)ngst  tlie  Iiulian  SettlenuMits.  There  are  Coal 
Mines  in  Long  island,  which  has  not  yet  been  wrought. 

Till'  several  Commodities,  exported  from  this  Kingdom  to  New  York,  have  at  a  medium  of 
three  years,  commonly  anu)unted  to  about  t'oO.OOO  a  year.  Tlu'  imports  from  thence  have 
not,  upon  the  same  medium,  risen  higher  than  i' 1 0000  a  year;  so  that  the  balance  in  favour  of 
this  Kingdom,  as  far  as  can  be  judged  of  it  by  the  Custom  house  accounts,  has  been  upwards 
of  .i:2.'i,000  a  year. 

The  Vessels  belonging  to  this  province  are  small,  &  not  considerable  in  number;  being 
etnployed  only  in  carrying  provisions  to  the  Southern  Islands,  and  in  the  coasting  trade  to  the 
Neighbouring  colonies  on  the  Continent. 


14 


Ji(pi\siutati<m  on  the 


I!  ' 


The  iiiimbtM-  of  the  iiilKiIiitaiits  in  this  provincf  iiicrtMSfs  diiily;  cliitliy  lioiii  .New  Kii^'liiml, 
\-  from  tlie  Nurlli  of  IicIiiihI.  'I'lii'  iiiilili;i  consists  ol  CiKMi  men.  Il.-ii-  iiiv  tour  iii(if|u'iiti.'iit 
coiiipaiiifs  iiiiiintiiiiitMl  at  the  cxiu'in'o  ol   il.r  Crown,  \' ciiiiiloyfii  to  uiirrison  several  torts;  our 

whereof  is  at  New  York,  another  at  Albany,  ami  a  tliini  at   SI eriaiiy.     Then-  is  likewise  !i 

small  fort  in  the  country  of  the  Mohavvk  Imiians.  'I'lu'  loit  at  New  York  has  I  reuular 
bastions  faced  with  Stone,  \:  mounted  with  00  guns,  Itut.  luis  ueiliier  ditcii.  or  (Uitworks,  the 
otiier  tiu-ee  forts  have  only  |)alisa(loes. 

This  province  by  reason  of  its  siliiation,  lu-inij  almost  in  the  middle  of  the  Hritish  Colonies 
on  the  Continent,  &  the  nearest  of  an\  to  Hie  rri-nch  settlements  on  the  Ifiver  Canada,  &  to 
their  Indians,  as  well  as  for  the  inuni diale  inlbu'iice  or  command  it  lias  over  lite  •'>  .Nations  ol 
Indians,  might  most  jiroperly  be  made  tin  scat  of  (iovernuuMil  tor  a  Captain  (imeral  11  your 
M.ijesty  shall  think  lit  to  appoint  one.  \-  a  barrier  to  the  .Neii,ddioariui;  Colonies  Tor  this 
reason,  particular  care  should  be  taken  to  put  the  torts  already  built  in  the  best  condition  they 
are  ca|)al)le  of,  \-  to  build  others  in  such  places,  where  they  may  best  serve  to  secure  &  enlarge 
our  Trade  &  Interest  with  the  Indians.  \  Iweak  the  di'sii.'ns  of  the  I'rencli  in  these  parts;  lor 
this  purpose,  it  would  be  of  great  advaiiMire  to  build  a  fort  in  the  country  of  the  Senecii 
Indians,  near  tlu'  Lake  Ontario,  which  perhaps  might  be  done  with  their  consent  by  the 
means  of  presents,  ami  it  should  tlu-  rather  be  attempted  without  loss  ol  time,  to  prevent 
the  freiK'h  from  succeding  in  the  same  desiLin,  which  tliey  are  now  actually  endeavouring  at. 

We  should  here  give  a  particular  account  of  ihe  al)u\e  mentioned  live  luilions  of  Indians,  if 
we  bad  not  occasion  to  do  it  in  another  jiart  of  ibis  represi  ntation,  relating  lo  the  consecpiencf 
of  the  communication  between  the  french  settlements  at  Canada  &  Mississipi,  &  to  which 
we  tlierefore  beg  leave  to  refer. 


NT.W  JKKSKY. 


!^ 


i   I 


I 


'I'he  Government  of  Ni;\v  .Jiceimcv  is  boutuled  on  the  Kast  bv  Maidiattan's  Ishind  \  Long 
Island,  &  part  of  the  Sea.  &  part  of  Hudson's  river,  on  ihf  West  by  Drhiwarr  I'.av  or  river, 
which  parts  it  from  i'ennsylvania,  &  Southward  to  the  uiiiin  oci'an,  as  far  as  C.ipc  Mny,  ai  (he 
month  of  the  said  Delaware  iJay;  &  to  the  Northward  as  far  as  to  the  Northernu)st  branch  of 
the  said  Day,  or  Kiverof  Delaware,  whidi  is  in  H  DcL'rees  |o  minutes  dC  Latitude;  \- cro.ssing 
over  thence  in  a  straight  line  to  Hudson's  River  in  New  York,  \-  is  in  il  Dcgrc's  of  latitude, 
as  a|)pears  by  their  Charter. 

The  proprietors  of  this  Province  did  Inrmerly  appoint  a  (Jovernor  lor  the  same;  but  in  the 
year  1702,  they  surrendered  their  rialit  ot  Covernnient  to  II,  r  late  Maj.'sty;  &  the  (Jovernor 
of  New  Y'ork  hath  ever  since  that  tin:,',  bfcn  appointed  likewis.- (  Iovimiku- of  Ibis  province; 
but  they  have  .still  a  .separate  Council  of  |-J  persons  a|)point.(i  by  the  King  &  an  .\.ssenibly  of 
24  persons  chosen  by  the  people,  who  make  their  own  Laws. 

The  greatest  number  of  the  inhabitants  are  (imikers,  of  whi.h  the  Council  and  Assembly 
chielly  consist. 

This  iVovince  rai.seth  by  their  assenihly  about  V-MO  C  per  Annum,  for  the  support  of  their 
government;  hut  they  think  it  a  liar.lship  to  pay  a  Salarv  to  a  Covernor,  who  resides  in  another 
Province,  &  would  be  willing  to  raise  still  a  further  sum  for  the  maintenance  of  a  Covernor. 
who  could  resi.le  amongst  them,  which  they  conceive  would  gr.Mtly  advance  the  trade  & 
welfare  of  this  Country. 


§ 


State  of  the  Colonies. 


15 


This  province  prndiicps  nil  sorts  of  pr.-iin  or  corn,  tiir  inhabitants  likewise  breed  nil  sorts  of 
Cattle,  in  ^rn-at  quantities,  with  \vli:cli  they  siijiply  the  Merciiaiits  of  New  York  &  I'hiladeliiiiia, 
to  carry  on  their  trade,  to  all  the  American  Islands;  hut  were  they  a  disliin't  (iovertnnent, 
(having  very  pood  harhonrs)  nn'rcliants  would  i)i'  encouraged  to  settle  amongst  them,  &  they 
might  hecome  a  considerahle  trading  people;  whereas,  at  present,  they  have  few  or  no  ships, 
hut  coasting  vessels,  &  they  are  supplied  from  Nt!W  York  &  I'hiladelphia  with  English 
Manufactures  having  none  of  their  own. 

The  Iniiahilants  daily  increase  in  great  iiuuihers  from  New  Kngland,  &  Ireland;  and  before 
this  increase,  the  militia  consisted  of  about  :i(Mi(i  men. 

There  are  hut  few  Indians  in  this  (iovernmcul,  &  they  very  innocent  &  friendly  to  the 
Inhabitants,  being  under  the  I'omniaud  of  the  live  nations  of  Irocpiois,  &  this  plantation  not 
lying  exposed,  as  some  other  lirilish  Colonics  do  they  have  hitherto  built  no  forts. 

There  is  great  (pianlity  of  iron  on-,  iV  some  copper  in  this  Piovince. 

'I'he  have  oidy  two  patent  (Kliccrs,  viz.  an  .\ltorney  (■eueral  &•  ii  Secretary.  And  as  all 
ji.itent  Otlicers  appointed  in  (Ireat  iiritain,  are  generally  unwelcome  to  the  plantations,  so,  bv 
several  Acts  of  Assembly  their  fees  are  so  reduced  ( especially  the  Sfecretarys)  that  they  are 
not  sulVicient  for  his  subsistence. 

rKNNSYLVAMA. 


This  iVovince  is  a  proprietary  (iovernment,  granted  by  Charter  of  King  Charles  the  second 
to  William  I'enn  Ksii  in  the  vear  1(1^0. 


y 


Its  1 


loundaries,  agreeable  to  the  said  Charter,  arc  Newcastle  County  on  the  South,  the  river 
Delaware  on  tiie  Kast,  unto  4:{  Detrrecs  ol  .Northern  Latitude,  &  from  thence  a  Meredian  line 
run  westward,  which  is  to  extend  •')  Di'grees  in  longitude. 

'I'here  are  likewise  certain  Lands  lying  upon  Delaware  Hay,  commoidy  called  the  three  lower 
Counties,  which  are  reputed  part  of  I'emisyh  iinia,  &  are  now  actually  uinler  the  same 
(iovernment.  These  liuids  wei'c  granted  to  the  said  William  I'enn,  in  the  year  Itl^'J.  by  King 
James  the  second,  then  Duke  of   ^  ork. 

Hut  as  the  validity  ot  that  (irant  has  been  more  than  once  (piestioned  particularly  in  the 
year  1717,  u|)on  the  |»elition  of  the  ilarl  of  Sallierland  praying  a  Charter  from  your  Majesty 
of  the  said  Lands,  the  sanu-  was  reterred  to  the  then  Attorney  &  Solicitor  General,  who  nnide 
a  report  dated  21"  October,  1717. 

Hut  there  having  been  no  (urther  proceedings  on  that  petition,  we  need  only  mention,  that 
it  appears  from  the  said  Heport,  that  your  Miijesty  is  at  least  entituled  to  a  moiety  of  the  rents, 
issues  and  prolits  \\  hich  shall  arise  on  the  said  uids  contaiiuul  in  the  s.iid  grant  of  the  Duke 
ol   York,  made  in  the  year  l(i>:,',  allho'  the  saun-  should  be  valid  in  Law. 

And  we  the  rather  take  notice  of  this,  because  we  find,  thai  in  the  reign  of  the  late  (ineen 
Anne,  about  the  year  171'J,  an  agreement  was  made  by  the  then  Treasury  with  William  I'eiin 
Ksij'  for  the  purchase  ot  his  (Mivernnu'Ut  ol  renusylvani;i,  &  the  three  lower  Counties,  h)r  the 
Hun>  of  1 -',00114.',  one  thousand  [tounds  of  which  was  paid  by  warrant  of  Her  late  Majesty, 
hearing  date  l)"'  Septend)er  1712.  &  as  we  think  it  our  duty  on  all  occasions  to  represent 
the  advantagi's,  that  woulil  accrue  to  your  Majesty  &  the  I'ublick,  by  taking  proprietary 
poverinm-uts  into  your  own  hands,  where  it  nuiy  be  done  agreeable  to  Law  &  .Justice,  we  now 
beg  leave  to  olfer  our  opinion,  that  it  woidd  be  lor  your  Majesty's  S(  rvice  to  have  the  said 
agreement  eomplealed,  by  payment  of  the  remaining  11, 000.1!;  &  whether  the  rents,  issues  & 


1^ 


JJ 


2('j  Heprestntation  (m  the 

profits  before  mentioned  ougl.t  not  to  be  Mecounted  lor,  &•  n.a.le  part  of  ti.e  said  payment  is 

limnbly  submitted.  . 

Ti.is  Province  beinij  a  proprietary  gov.  nin.ent,  as  ball,  been  l.elore  inentmned.  tl,e  proprietor 
ti.ereof  bas  the  appointment  of  a  (iov.rnor,  nvI,...  nevertl.el.-ss  n.nst  be  lirst  approve,! 
of  by  your  Majesty,  lie  iiiie  wise  nominates  tlie  i;..un.il,  and  tii.-  Assembly  are   eie.  led  l)y 

tile  freeholders. 

There  is  one  eireiiu.stanee  very  partici.l.ir  in  this  Tharter,  vi/.'.  that  Ih.  proprftor  liath  live 

years  allowed  him  to  transmit  his  Laws  h.r  the  Koyal  approl)atioM  ;  hut  the  Crown  hath  but 

six  months  for  the  repealing  ihem;   witu.n  wliieli  time  if  they  are  not  repealed,  th.y  are  to  be 

reputed  laws  to  all  intents  \-  purpos.'s  whatsoever.  Irom  wheiiee  it  li,(piently  happ.Mis,  that 

several   Laws,  unlit  for  the  lloyal  Assent,  eontinue  in  force  lor  live  years,  &  alter  having  heeii 

disallowed  by  the  Crown,  are  enaeted  a-aiii,  vV  by  this  piaetice  beeonif  in  a  mannrr  prrpetnai; 

&  this  in  our  humble   opinion,  is  a  liirtli.r   reason,  why  the    helorementioned    pmrliase   vV 

agreement  should  he  made  and  eompleatcd. 

The  soil  of  this  Conniry  is  various;  light  &  sandy  near  the  rivers,  hut   rich  iV  of  a  deep 

black  mould  further  from  the  v.-ater;  h.Mii,'  well  cultivated  hy  the  industry  of  the  iiduiliitants, 

it  produceth  whatsoever  is  necessary  lor  lile. 

The    river    Delaware  (the    oidy   one  of  cmisetiuciicf   to  trade   in   this  whole  Country)  is 

exceedingly  eommodiiuis  for  Navigation  except  in  llu-  two  nionlhs  of  December  \  .lauuary, 

when  it  is  usually  Irozen  up. 

Tiie  natural  produce  of  this  Country  is  w  lieat,  beef,  pork,  \  hnid)er.    Their  Tradeconseipienlly 

consists  clnelly  in  the  exportation  of  llii.>c  to  the  several  jiarts  of  llie  west  Indies,  vV  Miidciras; 

from  whence;  in  return,  they  take  rum,  sugar,  Cotton,  Spanish  money.  \-  wine.  'JMiey  likewise 
build  manv  I5riganlines  &:  Sloops  lor  sale;  but  having  lew  or  mi  mamdaetures  ol'  their  own, 
they  are  supplied  tlu'rewith  Irom  (Ireat  Uritain,  to  the  yearly  value  of  ahout  'JO.lKKt.t.  .\iid 
as  this  jirovince  does  greatly  ahouml  in  iron,  so  we  have  good  grounds  to  helieve,  that,  il  proper 
•■lu'onragement  was  given  in  (Ireat  liritain,  to  take  oil"  that,  iV  tiieir  liudier.  the  people  would 
thereby  he  diverted  from  the  thoughts  of  setting  up  any  manutactures  ol  their  own,  & 
C()nse<iuentlv  the  cousumption  of  those  ol  (ireal  Ibitaiu  consideralily  advanced,  l-'or  il  must 
be  observed,  that  this  IMautation  is  in  a  very  llourisliing  condition  ;  greatly  increased  in  its 
inhabitants ;  &  altho'  the  iidbrmations  we  have  received  touching  their  nuiidiers,  dill'er  extremely, 
some  computing  them  at  about  (i(t,IM)n  whites  &  0,(100  blacks,  \  others  lui'  ahove  hall  that 
iiumht'r;  yet  they  all  agree  in  their  opinion,  coiu'eriiing  the  llourisliing  state  of  this  Colony,  & 
that  the  produce  of  their  coimnodities  may  well  he  reckoned  at  lOd.OtHU'  per  .Xnnum. 

Koiir  lilths  of  the  iiihahitants  of  this  jirovince  being  tiuakers,  there  is  little  care  taken  of 
their  Military  atfairs.  Only  one  old  ruined  fort  at  Newcastle,  with  six  useless  (juns  belonging 
to  it,  nor  can  we  learn,  there  is  any  establishment  of  a  Militia  for  their  defence;  l>ut  il 
must  be  allowed,  that,  to  supply  this  defect,  they  have  taken  care  to  cultivate  so  good  an 
understanding  with  their  neighhour  Indians,  by  going  yearly  to  their  principal  Town  to  renew 
their  peace,  &  hy  tlieir  fair  &  just  dealings  with  them;  that  liitherto  they  have  fouiui  no  want 
of  any  force  to  protect  themselves,  &  probably  may  not  for  smne  time  to  come,  if  the  Indians 
are  not  instigated  hy  tiie  Artilices  of  the  French  to  insult  &  disturb  tliein. 

But  the  endeavours  of  the  French  to  debauch  the  Indians  from  the  interest  of  your 
Majesty's  subjects  in  America,  &  likewise  the  importance  of  maintaining  &  iin|)roviiig  tlie 
strictest  friendship  with  those  Indians,  witii  the  jiroper  inelliods  ol  doing  the  same,  being 
particularly  treated  on  in  another  jiart  of  this  rejiort,  we  sliall  mention  nothing  lurther  upon 
these  heads  at  present. 


Stat^  of  the  Colome-^. 


17 


MAUVhAM). 

Mnryliiiid  is  w  I'rovinci!  Hituatcd  in  tlu'  (('ntcr  of  tin-  IJrilisli  I'laiitations  on  tlie  Contiiu'iil 
of  Aiut'rira. 

It  coiitaiiis,  as  apjx-ars  by  a  "charter  j^raiitcd  liy  Kitifi  Cliarlcs  tin;  first,  dated  tlie  yo""  of 
June  in  tlie  s""  year  of  liia  reign,  to  Ceeil  Calvert,  liord  IJalliniore,  all  that  part  of  a  peninsula, 
lyinu;  hetween  the  Ocean  on  the  Ka.st,  &  the  hiiy  of  (Jheseapeake  on  the  West,  &  divided  from 
the  other  part  thereof,  hy  a  right  line,  drawn  IVoni  the  promontory  or  rape  of  Land  railed 
Watkins  point,  situate  on  the  said  liay,  near  the  river  Wiclion,  to  the  West,  into  the  main  ocean 
on  tlie  east,  &  between  that  hound  on  the  south,  unto  that  part  of  Delaware  I$ay  on  the  nortli 
\vlii<h  lies  under  the  10"' degree  of  Northern  liatitude  from  the  Kcpiator,  &  all  that  tract  of  Land 
l)etween  the  hounds  aforesaid,  tliat  is  to  say,  jtassing  from  tlie  said  Bay  called  Delaware  in  a 
right  liiu-  by  the  Degree  aforesaid,  unto  the  true  meridian  of  the  first  fountain  of  the  river 
Potomack;  &  from  thence  teiuling  towards  the  Soutii,  unto  the  farllu'st  bank  of  the  said  river, 
&  following  the  west  iV  south  side  thereof,  unto  a  certain  place  called  ('^incpiack,  situate  near 
the  mouth  of  that  river,  where  it  falls  into  the  hiiy  of  Chesapeake,  &  from  thence  by  a  straight 
line  unto  the  aforesaid  promontory  \'  place  called  Watkins  point,  which  lies  in  37  Degrees  & 
61)  minutes  of  Northern  Latitude. 

The  liOrd  Hallimore  is  by  liis  charter  hereditary  (iovernor,  &;  stiled  absolute  Lord  & 
proprietary  of  the  Province.  He  is  vested  in  all  Royalties,  in  as  full  &  ample  manner,  as 
any  ISishop  of  Durham  had,  or  of  right  might  have  had  in  the  Kingdom  of  England,  with 
a  jurisdiction  of  a  Court  palatine. 

In  the  year  1(>!U  the  (ioverument  of  this  IVovince  was  provisionally  resnme<l,  (the  then 
Lord  Hallinu)re  being  a  jiapist )  \-  remained  in  the  Crown  till  about  the  year  17 lo,  when  the 
bite  l<ord  IJaltimore  reuouuced  the  liomish  religion.  At  present  the  proprietor  ap])oints  a 
(Jovernor,  who  is  approved  by  the  King,  according  to  the  Act  of  the  7"'  &  S""  of  King  William. 
'I'he  ('oustitulion  of  this  IVoviiu'e  is  the  same  with  that  of  the  other  British  Colonies  on  the 
ContiiuMit,  with  respect  to  their  I^aws,  which  are  made  by  the  Council  &  Assembly,  with 
the  consent  of  the  (lovernor. 

Tiiere  is  no  revenue  arising  to  the  Crown  in  this  province,  but  a  very  consideral)le  one  to 
the  proprietor. 

The  ordinary  exjiences  of  the  (lovernnu'ut  are  defrayed  by  a  duty  of  la**  per  liogshead  on 
all  tobacco  exported,  \-  II'  per  toi;  on  all  shii>piiig  inward,  &  the  extraordinary  charges  of  the 
(iovernmeiit  are  likewise  provided  for  by  the  Assembly  as  occasion  requires. 

Tlie  number  of  Inhabitants  was  ciuuputed  in  the  year  170-1.  to  be  yo,5;J7  men,  women  & 
children,  &■  L47-'>  slaves  young  &  old,  in  all  ;{•"),(»! -J. 

In  the  year  1710  was  computed  ;M,7'.t(),  whites,  &  7,});j.5  negroes,  in  all  4:i,74l 
And  in  tfie  year  17  l;».  was  computed  "j.'j,000  while  inhabitants,  \'.  'JS.OOO  blacks,  in  all  80,000. 
From  whence  it  ajipeiirs,  that  the  Iidiabitants  of  this  province  have  increased  to  above 
double  the  number  in  1")  years,  &-  altho'  some  part  of  this  increase  may  liave  l)een  occasioned 
by  the  transportation  of  the  rebels  from  Preston,  by  the  purchase  of  slaves,  as  well  as  l)y  the 
arrival  of  several  convict  persons,  &  of  many  poor  families,  who  have  transported  themselves 
from  Irelaiul;  yet  it  must  be  allowed,  that  Maryland  is  one  of  the  most  flourishing  provinces 
upon  the  Continent  of  America. 

'I'bo  Militia  ia  about  H,OUO  men,  well  armed,  &  excellent  nuirksnieu. 


•  .1 


1. '  .i 


18 


jReprc-^entatinn  on  the 


There  are  no  forts,  or  plin-es  of  (left'iice  in  lliis  iirovince;  l)iit  tln-rc  li;is  ln'cn  liitcly  lniill   iit 
tlie  piiblick  ohiiru'ea  liirne  Miii.';i/.iii.' at  .\imii|M)lis,  wliicli  is  well   pruN  ided  witli  s|>are  Amis  lor 

(  (luainiiv  ()('  Aminiiiiilion,  tt»  iiiaiiitaiii  wliicii,  vV  to  make 

ad  laid  l<v  A«l  of 


lL',(t(>0  foot,  \'  (UK)  limse,  witii  a  u'l'ea 

n  further  provision  of  Arms  &  Ammunilieii.  there  is  a  duty  of  :>''  per  Imu'sin 


Asseml>l_v  on  all  toliaeeo  exported. 

The  Indians  wiio  dwell  within  tiiis  pro\  inee. 
tlie  inhahitanls. 


do  not  exceed   oDd,  \  tiiey  live  peaeeahly  with 


The  neifihhotiring  Indians  are  reported  to  l)e  many  form 


dalile  nations,  w  ith  w  lioin  tlie  pfO|ile 


liave  hut  little  eomniiMve,  this  country  Iciiii;  a  peninsula,  Inn  tiiey  have  heen  carelul  to  make 
tiiose  on  the  frontiers  their  triends;  ly  which  means  they  have  lor  some  time  enjo)eil  a 
perfect  trancpiillity 

'I'he  soil  ol  this  C'onutrv  is  of  dillercnt  kinds  hut  most  ot  it  sand  v.  wlien  eidlisati'd  with  little 


ahour,  it  uives  a   vast   increase,  \'  luoi 


ires 


all   thiiiiis   m'cessarv    for   lile,  that    (Ireat    Britain 


atfords,  with  which  the  inhahitants  plcnlilully  provide  for  their  siiloistence. 

Tohaeco  is  the  staple  eomniodity  of  thi^  pro\  iiiec  of  which  ahout  :in.  or  ;!'i,(ii)i)  hoL'shciids 
are  yearly  exported  to  (Ireat  Mrilain.  'I'lie  inhahitants  export  some  tohaeco  to  the  other 
plant.'itioiis,  as  also  urain,  heef,  pork,  iV  liiinher,  lor  whiili  they  ha\e   in  return  rum  \-  sii^ar. 

They  likewise  send  some  corn  to  the  Madeiras  for  wine,  hut  the  most  part  ot  the  wine  they 
have  from  tlieiiee  is  purchased  l)y  hills  of  Kxchanire. 

Whilst  tohaeco  answers,  in  its  price,  the  planter's  lahoiir,  all  inanufaiMiires,  iV  all  other  trade, 
that  mijjht  arise  from  the  product  of  the  I'ountry  are  laid  aside. 

The  Inhahitants  wear  the  like  ('loalhiiii;.  &•  have  the  same  luriii  I  lire  within  their  houses  with 
tliose  in  this  ixiniidom.  The  Siaves  are  cloathed  with  (ottDiis,  Ker.-.eys,  llannel,  \-  i-oarse 
liiinens,  all  imported;  tV  it  is  computed  that  Miis  province  coiisiiiues  ot'  Uritish  Manulaclures  to 
the  value  of  .i':.'(),i)(K)  per  annum. 

No  mines  are  vet  discovered  here,  except  iron,  which    are  \erv  coininoii,   hul   not   wrou'-ht. 


for  want  of  a  sutlicient  stock,  \-  persons  o\'  skill  to 


eULMLTe  II 


I  sui'h  an  uiidcrlakiiiu. 


The  numher  of  ships  helonaini:  to  this  province,  are  only  lour  small  i'.riuantiiies,  \  not  more 
than  20  Sloops  for  the  Sea;  the  inhahiimts  not  heiiii:  inclined  to  navii;alion,  hut  dependinj; 
upon  British  hottoms  for  the  exportation  v\  ini|)ortation  of  the  hulk  of  their  tr.ide :  \-  there  iia.s 
been  employed  of  late  years  .ahove  IdO  sail  of  shijis  frmn  (Jreal  Britain. 


1' 


V      I 


VIKXJIMA. 

Tlie  Government  of  this  Colony  was  at  first  under  the  ilire.tion  of  a  t'oinpanv;  hut  thev 
being  dissolved  upon  their  mal-adniinislration,  in  the  year  K, •_'(■!,  ||is  .M.ijeslv  Kiui:  Charles 
the  first  took  the  (jovernnient  into  his  own  haiuls,  \-  settled  such  laws  ,;>:  constitutiiuis  in  that 
province,  as  were  agreeahle  to  those  of  tliis   Kingdom. 

Accordingly  the  nomination  &-  appointment  of  the  Covernors,  as  well  as  the  Council 
(whicii  consists  of  twelve  persons)  is  in  your  Majesty,  iV  the  (leneral  Assembly  (consisting  of 
IKty  two  [Jurgesses)  has  been  always  chosen  by  the  freeholders. 

Tlie  strength  &  .security  of  tins  Colony,  in  a  great  measure,  depend  upon  their  Militia;  their 
plantation-s  being  usually  at  too  great  a  distaiwe  from  one  another  to  be  covered  by  (orts 
or  towns. 

James  Town  and  Williamsburg  are  the  only  Towns  in  the  wlio'e  Country;  &  tiiere  is  no 
Fort  of  any  consequence  for  the  security  of  their  great  navigation  &ti-;\de,  but  at  James  Town. 


-Ssaai 


State  of  tliii  Colaiik'^. 


10 


Ilowf'ver  for  tlu'ir  protection  UKaiiiHt  tlio  liidiiiiiH,  vvlio  inliabit  nmon^st  tliem,  &  fliat  live  to 
the  Wt'slvviiitl  lliey  iiiivr  cri-ctt'd  (Miii.sliiiiina,  \-  hoiiu!  oIIiit  Forts;  &  tlu'  ('ouiicil  &  Assciiildy 
liav«'  lately  proponed  to  your  ^l.ljt■.sty  a  scln'iiic  tor  st'rurin^  tlic  passed  over  tlie  j^reat  ridj^e  of 
iMoiiiitaiiis  wliicli  lie  on  the  i)iii'k  of  this  I'rovinee,  dividiii^r  tlieni  from  the  freneh,  &  Indian 
Nations  in  the  Irencli  interest,  whereupon  we  have  sometime  since  reported  our  liumbie  opinion 
to  your  Majesty,  &  Iteg  leave  upon  this  occasii)u  to  repeat,  that  we  conceive  their  proposal  to 
lie  deserving  of  all  reasonahle  eiit'ourageiiieiit. 

Their  Militia  in  the  year  KI'K),  consisted  of (ii-OTO    liorse  &  foot 

In  the  year  17t);{,  there  were  mustered.  . . .    140;{.  Ollicers 

aiOI.  Horse 
17'J4  Dragoons 
.'Jl!)>   foot 


lO.O.'Jti. 

and  in  the  year  17  lo,  they  were  increased  to  about 14,0(10  in  all : 

from  whence  we  compute,  supposing  the  Militia  to  be  a  sixth  part  of  the  whole,  that  the  total 
number  of  the  inhaliitants,  (  exclusive  of  negroes)  amounts  to  about  84,000  souls. 

This  province  is  divided  into  lio  Counties;  iS:  the  |)roprietors  of  all  the  lands  that  have  been 
taken  up  in  l'()  of  the  said  ('ounties,  pay  an  annual  <piit-rent  to  your  Majesty,  of  two  shillings 
in  money,  or  '2\  pounds  w»'iglit  of  tobacco  for  every  hundred  acres. 

Kut  the  propriety  of  the  nurlhern  neck  (containing  the  other  five  Counties)  was  granted  by 
King  iMiarles  the  Second,  &  Kiuu  .lames  the  Second,  to  the  late  Thomas  Lord  Colepepper, 
upon  a  ipiit  rent   )f  4.0 . 1 .{' . 4''.  per  Annum. 

The  Lands  in  the  aloresuid  twenty  I  ountics,  on  which  the  said  Quit  rent  toyour  Majesty  is 
paid,  contained, 

Innoi-. 2,238,143    )    , 

In  n  14, 2,0 llt,773.i  )  '^ 

However,  the  produce  of  this  revenue  is  very  much  governed  by  the  price  of  tobacco  in  the 
country  :  for  example, 

On  a  medium  of  ten  years,  ending  in   1713,  (during  which  time     £ 

the  tobacco  was  low )  the  proceed  amounted  to 1411.   7*  7.^''  P'  An" 

And  in  a  medium  of  the  four  following  years  (when  the  price  of    ^ 

Tobacco  was  high) 2270.11'  b**    per  Annum- 
There  is  another  revenue  in  this  proviru-e,  that  is  settled  and  appropriated  by  the  Assembly 

for  the  constant  support  and  charge  of  your  Majesty's  government. 
This  consists  of  several  Duties  viz' 

Oil  every  Hogsheatl  of  Tobacco  exported 

On  every  ton  of  Shipping 

And  on  every  i'oU  imported 


i; 

• 

d 

0. 

•) 

0 

0. 

1. 

3 

0. 

0. 

6 

Jiesides  the  rights  of  taking  up  of  lands,  and  lines  &  forfeitures. 
On  a  medium  of  six  years,  ending  the  2'j"'  of  October  1710, 

The  whole  produced,  clear  of  all  charges 2,845.15.11  p'  An" 


■  f 

SJ    > 


..•^ 


1^    > 


f 


lifprcfitufatioJi  o'l  f/ii 


And  upon  tlu>  snnn'  iiu'diiim, 


111'  < 


.stalili.xl 


ii'd 


iiliirit'H  i> 


&'  iimmmtt'd  to 


II'  ordiii; 


'1' 

And  till-  ('Diiliiiuriit   K\|)('nsi'S. 


I7f..i-J.  r, 


it' 


;». 


'I'lif  t()t;d  Aimiial  ("hiiiL't'.  hh  iirori-siiid 
%vliiili  I'xci'fds  tli»'  jiinouiit  (it  till'  n-vt 


.111'-' 


III 


Mil    II  .11 


And    tliis    excess  liatli  lieeu  i;ener;ir>  allowed   l)y  vonr   .Miijesty,  as  well  iis  hy  your   Itoyal 


I'redeeessors,  out  of  the  prodnee  ot  tlie  (juit-reiils. 

lUit  besides  the  said  standinj,'  ami  ci  rtain  ihame,  for  which  |iiovisi( 

nai'ds  iV 


is  inaile,  as  aforesaid, 


tliis  provinee  has  been  always  ohiij.'cii,  lor  maintaining'  their  j; 


m 

L'arrisons  on  the   Indian 


frontiers,  for  erecting  several  ] 


iihlii 


l\   ma 


Liaziiies,  \-  liiiildiiii;s  \  discliari;iiiu  other  necessary 


expenses, 


to  1 


evv  certain  i 


inantilics  ol  tohacco,  at  so  many  pounds  weight   per  head,  or  every 


tylhahle,  which  conipreheiids  all  iicrsuns  exceedinu  sixteca  y 


ars  ot 


au'e,  except  ss  hile  women. 


Th 


am 


her  of  the  said  tylhahles,  accurdiiig  to  tlieir  rcs|iective  ii.>t.- 


in   1()0>  amounted  to 'JO.r>Q:\. 

In  1705  to L'7,(>.');{. 

In   1714  to ;M,r)IO. 

The  principal  product  of  N'irginia  is  Uihacco;  \-  in  general  it's  of  a  better  (jiiality  tiiaii  tliat  of 
.Maryland.  Hefore  tiie  conclusion  of  the  last  peace  with  Iraiice,  the  N'irginia  planters  exported 
to  this  Kingdom  at  least  ;{(t,()(tO  liogxlic;ids  per  Aiiniim  ;  hut  about  that  lime,  the  trade  decliuiiiK, 
for  want  of  foreign  consumption,  an  Act  was  passed  in  the  1"J"'  of  Her  late  Mnjesty's  reign  for 
encouraging  the  tobacco  trade,  &:  your  M.ijesty  liatli  been  since  gra<'i(>usly  pleased  to  giv«'  your 
Uoyal  Assent  to  an  Act  for  continuing  the  same. 

Hut  as  this  commodity  is  of  such  conseipience  to  the  trade  of  (Ireat    Britain,  not  (uily  with 


respect  to  our  home  consumption,  hut  liki 


wise  to  our  li)reiun  e\piiilatioii 


fun  her  occasions 


should  tie  laid  hold  of,  for  giving  some  ea-ie  &  encouragement  to  the  same,  by  alurllier  reduction 
of  the  duty,  so  soon  as  it  may  be  done,  consisteiil  with  the  present  ajipropriations  thereof. 

The  other  branches  of  the  trade  hclween  this  kingdom  \'  \'iru'iuia  cmisist  in  pitch  \  tar, 
pipe  &  hogshead  staves,  skins  &  tiirrs,  \-  a  few  drugs,  'i'hey  alsd  fxpiut  to  the  other  Plantations 
.some  small  (luantities  of  tobacco,  provisions,  &  lumber;  but  their  (Icpemleiice  is  almost  wholly 
on  the  produce  of  tobacco. 

CAROLINA. 


Carolina  was  granted  by  King  Charles  the  second,  to  several  Lords  proprietors  by  two 
diHerent  charters,  the  first  dated  ill"'  .Nhireh,  in  the  lifteeiith  year  ut  his  reign,  which  contains 
all  that  tract  of  ground,  extending  Westward  from  the  .North  end  ol  Luck  Island,  as  far  as  the 
•South  Seas;  Southward  as  far  as  the  river  Saint  Matthias;  &  thence  Westward  again  in  a  direct 
line  as  far  as  the  South  Sens  aforesaid  ;  together  with  all  the  jiorts,  harbours,  bays,  rivers,  isles, 
&  islets  thereunto  belonging. 

The  second  charter,  which  is  more  extensive,  bears  date  the  yi)""  .liine,  in  the  1 7"'  ve.ir  of 
the  said  King  Charles  &  reaches  as  far  as  the  north  end  of  Caratiike  Uivi-r  or  Cullet  ;  and  thence 
upon  a  straight  westerly  line  to  Wyanoake  Creek,  which  is  supposeii  to  lie  in  or  about  ao 
Degrees  and  30  Minutes  of  Northern  Latitude. 


State  of  the  GJoniw. 


21 


Carolina  is  dividod  into  two  provincos,  cnlh'd  North  &  South  Carolina,  vvliich  have  separate 
OovernofH,  CoiincilH,  &  A»H«'iiil>li»'8. 

Tin- (ioveriiors  of  th»'8t'  I'roviiu;t'K  have  heen  usiinily  nanied  by  the  proprietors,  subject  to 
your  Maji'sty's  approbation. 


NOirni  CAFIOLINA. 

NoKTii  Caiiomna  was  formerly  part  of  Virginia  till  granted  to  the  liOrds  proprietors  by  their 
second  I'harter;  and  it  was  at  a  certain  place  in  tliin  province,  called  Hoanoke,  that  .Sir  Waller 
HalcigirH  HerviintH  made  their  first  Settlcnient. 

'I'm'  boundary  that  si'parates  this  province  from  Virginia  being  conceived  in  very  disputable 
terms,  hath  never  yet  been  finally  settled  though  CommissarieH  have  been  formerly  de[)uted 
by  the  two  Colonies  for  that  purpose,  who  could  never  agree  either  upon  the  F^atitude,  or  upon 
the  triu*  position  of  Wyanoke  Creek;  for  the  Indians,  from  whom  this  place  derives  its 
appellation,  having  often  wandered,  as  their  usual  custom  is,  over  that  part  of  the  continent, 
and  lixed,  for  certain  tinu's,  at  diU'crent  places  there,  they  have  left  tlieir  name  to  many  creeks. 

The  .^outh  limits  of  this  ('olony  have  likewise  admitted  of  some  disputes;  the 
Commissioiu'rs  of  the  Lords  pro|)rietors  having  frequently  luimed  Cape  Fi'ar,  instead  of 
the  river  of  that  nana',  for  their  boundary. 

The  government  of  North  Carolina  is  sometliing  diflerent  from  that  of  the  Southern 
province,  resembliuir  nH)re  nearly  that  of  \  irginia;  of  which,  as  hath  been  observed,  it  was 
formerly  a  part,  being  duided  into  two  Counties,  and  seven  precincts,  with  petty  t^)urts  for 
each  ;  from  whence,  in  ail  matters  exceeding  a  certain  value,  appeals  lie  to  the  supreuu'  Court, 
held  by  the  (Jovernor  &  Council,  which  liberty  of  Appeal  as  we  are  informed,  your  Majesty's 
subjects  at  ."^oulh  C'aroliiui  do  iu)t  ai  present  enjoy. 

There  are  great  tracts  of  good  laiul  in  this  Province,  &  it  is  a  very  healthy  country  ;  but  the 
situation  renders  it  forever  incapable  of  being  a  place  of  considerable  trade,  by  reason  of  a 
great  Sound  near  sixty  miles  over,  that  lies  between  the  Coast  &  the  Sea,  barred  by  a  vaSt 
Chain  of  Sand-banks,  so  very  shallow  &  shitting,  that  sloops,  dr»wing  only  five  foot  water, 
run  great  risk  in  crossing  them. 

The  little  ('omnu'rce  therelbre  driven  to  this  Cidony,  is  carried  on  by  very  small  Sloops, 
chielly  from  New  Kngl.uid;  who  bring  them  Clothing  Si,  Iron  ware,  in  exchange  for  their  pork 
&  Corn  :  but  of  late,  they  have  made  small  (|uantitie8  of  pitch  &  tar,  which, 9re  first  exported 
to  New  Kngland,  &  theiu-e  to  (Jreat  Hritain. 

We  are  not  thoroughly  informed  of  the  number  of  inhabitants;  but  acconiing  to  the  best 
accounts  we  could  get,  the  number  q{  persons  in  their  tythables,  or  poll-tax,  were  not  long 
since  above  IfiOO,  of  which  about  one  third  were  blacks. 

The  (iovernment  of  this  Province,  having  for  many  years  been  a  very  disorderly  one,  this 
becomes  a  place  of  refuge  for  all  the  vagabomis,  whom  either  debt,  or  breach  of  the  Laws  have 
driven  from  the  other  Colonies  on  the  Continent;  and  pirates  have  too  frequently  found 
entertainment  amongst  them. 

There  is  no  great  prospect,  that  these  mischiefs  should  be  redressed,  unless  your  Majesty 
should  be  pleased  to  resume  this,  as  well  as  the  Southern  province  into  your  immediate 
Government;  in  which  case,  North  Carolina  might,  in  our  opinion,  be  restored  again  to  ^'irginia, 
&  put  under  the  care  of  your  Majesty's  Governor  of  that  Colony. 


oo 


A'tpn^stiitati'iii  on  tlit 


i«  ''^; 


.1' 


\  'i  :. 


:  "  ..'  * 


I 


■  t 


1='      i 


t?(H  ril  CAKOMNA. 

SovTii  Caromva  .•xt.'n.l>.  from  Cap"  l'''"'  '<»  ""'  riv.-r  nf  S;,ml  Matll.ias.    Th..  inhal.itantM  of 

this  i.rovin.v.  romriviou  tl,rins..U.-s  to  1...  ,11  ms.mI.  or  u-n-atlv  ii.'K tr.l  l.y  tl.o  I.onN  I'rnpnHorH, 

have  laU-ly  d.-posed  llirir  (iov.-rnor.  .V  (•..n„.il.  \-  d,..srn  a  n.'w  <!..v.Tnor  &•  Connnl  ol  llu-ir 
own.  whi.'li  ,«r.'al  ilixonlrr  indii.-i-il  your  M.ij.'Mly  lo  r.Ms^^iiMi."  tli.-  Cov.Ti.m.Mil  llwr.'ot. 

Tliis  Coloiiv  is  til.'  Soiith.Tii  froiiliiT  lo  your  Miij.-j^lyN  plaiilatioiM  on  llu'  Conliii.'iit.  \-  will 
no   doubt,  ihuKt   tlif    happy    iiillu.Mice   o!   your  Maj.-stys   itnnuMliat.'    prot.Tiioii,    Iutoum'   ii 

flourishing  Colony. 

The  trade  of  this  Province,  with  r,.sp.'ct  to  their  own  sliippiiftf  is  not  hitherto  very 
considerable;  the  inhabilauts  not  haviiiL'  above  "JO  .sail  cf  their  own,  ainoiiiilMiu'  to  aliont  {-■.DK 
ton;  &  as  thev  chietlv  apply  tlienis.-Kfs  m  the  plantation  work,  they  ha\e  not  many  sea  taring 
men.  but  their  trade  is  carried  on  by  the  M-rchants  uf  (ireat  Britain,  who  reap  a  eonsiderabU! 
ndvantaiie  thereby. 

The  commodities  the  people  of  Carolina  take  Irom  ( ui-at  Britain,  are  ,ill  maimer  of  ( 'loathing, 
woollen  linnen,  iron  ware.  I)rass  &•  p.'Wier.  A:  all  sorts  of  household  goods,  bavimj  no 
manufactures  of  their  own;  &  their  snutherly  situation  will  make  them  alw.iys  ilependfut  on 
fJreat  Britain  for  a  supply  of  these  (•diniuodilies.  whose  ronsum|Mion  may  be  conipnted  at 
nl)out  i:ii:3,00()  per  Annum  ;  besides  tlu'  cnst  of  a  considi-rable  nnnilier  of  Negroes,  with  which 
the  British  Merchants  have  for  some  time  furnished  ihem  ye.irly,  taking  their  returns  in  rice, 
&  naval  stores. 

There  is  a  sniall  trade  carried  on  between  Carolina  &•  the  Madeiras  for  wine;  &  the 
ConiniiHsioners  of  the  Customs  have  a  Surveyor  Ceneral.  a  ''ollector.  a  Comptroller, 
a  Searcher,  a  Waiter.  &  a  .Naval  (HIicer,  lo  jnit  thf  laws  of  lra<le  &■  Navigation  in 
execution  here:  But  daily  experience  shew.s,  that  illegal  tr.iib?  i ;  not  to  be  (irevented  in  a 
proprietary  (5overnment. 

The  natural  produce  of  this  Country  is  Bice,  pilch,  tar.  'uri>entitie,  buck-skins,  furs,  corn, 
beef,  pork,  soap.  niyrtle-w;ix,  candles,  various  sorts  of  lumber,  as  .Masts,  cedar-boards,  slaves, 
shingles,  and  hoop-poles;  but  the  soil  is  thought  capable  of  producing  wine,  oil,  silk,  indigo, 
pot-ashes,  iron,  hemp,  &  flax. 

'i'he  number  of  white  inhabitants  in  this  province  has  some  lime  since  been  computed  at 
9000;  &  the  blacks  at  12.000,  But  the  frecjuent  massacres  committed  of  late  years  l»y  the 
neighbouring  Indi.ans,  at  tbp  institjation  of  the  French  &  .Spaniards,  have  diminslied  the  white 
men,  whilest  the  manufacti. ".  of  pitch  &•  tar  has  given  occasion  to  increase  the  mimber  of  l)lack 
slaves,  wlio  have  lately  attempted,  and  were  very  near  succeeding  in  a  new  revolution.  .>  hic!i 
would  probably  have  beon  attended  by  the  utter  extirpation  of  all  your  Majesty's  subject')  in 
this  province;  &  therefore  it  may  be  necessary  for  your  Majesty's  service,  that  the  C.)verno;- 
should  be  instructed  to  propo.se  some  law  to  the  Assembly  there,  for  encourayiUj,  the 
entertainment  of  more  wiiite  servants  for  the  future. 

The  Militia  of  this  Province  dc«8  not  consist  of  above  2000  men;  &  therefore,  considering 
the  circumstances  &  situation  these  ;ieople  are  in,  exposed,  m  cjtsp  of  a  rupture,  on  the  one  side 
to  the  Spaniards,  on  the  other  to  th.  French,  &  surrounded  l)y  Savages,  who  are  for  the  most 
part,  in  an  interest  opposite  to  that  vi'  '"-eat  Br'liiin;  n  iless  your  Majesty  shall  be  graciously 
pleased  to  send  a  Military  forto  lo  '!.  C'  iat.y,  suf.icient  to  protect  your  subjects,  this 
valuable  province  in  all  probability  ,.  ill  'jc  l".8t. 


State  of  thfi  Cdntiie^. 


23 


own, 

.lUo 


For  lliid  reason  w>  ti>(»k  tb«  lil)prty  of  ropn'Hcntinj^  to  the  lato  Lor*!  Juntic^<»  th(»  nccennity 
of  Ht'iidiiiu!  lour  n'tfiiinMits  llviht-r  to  |ir»'Vi'iil  llic  I'liitlH'r  rrirroiicliiiu'iiH  of  !(■.'  Frnioli  in  thourt 
|mrtM.  \\  I'  likt'\Vi«t'  propoac,  lliiii  an  \\,1|  in  .isccrlain  llu'  Itoiiiids  ol  iIiih  |>ihMV  incc,  wliicli  linvt' 
not  liillu-rto  ln't-ii  (ix»»<l  any  otljpr  ^ny,  )>Mt  l>y  tin*  (.'liiirtiT  to  tli»'  Lords  [irofkriviors,  rm  to  «'Xl«'iid 
ii  prott'it  the  Iriidc  of  yoiir  M";»'s»y's  mtlyects  lliore,  scvoral  -sinall  forti*  «hould  \w  erocted  in 
propiT  pli(('»'H;  &  till!  piirtii'tilar  ■  .irt-  uli'xild  lie  lakt'ii  to  Kccur*'  llie  Wravij^alion  of  the  Ht'Vi'ral 
riviTH,  fiiipti'vinn  tlu'insi'lvi''*  in  tlionf  parts  to  lltv  nortlmiird  of  **\».rt  !<wiiit  Aiim'iisliiu'  into  liio 
Wi'Hlward  Ocean,  lint  niort'  «-.p»TialIy  (Inii  of  tlit*  Ittvcr  Alnniatuham*',  wliiiii  (hi;  frvncli  liave 
Roin>'  lime  a^o  new  rlirixlcni'd  l>y  lli«  nuiiie  ot   river  May. 

We  svere  linnd>ly  of  opinion  that  no  tinu>  sloidd  In-  lost  m  n  nintfer  of  tliis  c  -.•f|nen''t'; 
IxH-anMt'  tin- great  dillirnltieH  the  freiieh  iiave  lunnd  in  H  e  iiuvigation  of  tin  n\ii  iississipi., 
made  it  neceHHary  for  llieni  to  ttecnre  a  lieller  part;  j^  nml  they  did  Honu  time  »#»  tftkn 
reiiHacola  Iroin  the  SpnniardH;  which  beiiif;  Hince,  m  we  are  iidorine<(.  refito<<>^d,  it  i  very 
prohahle.  the  freiich  may  think  of  openimj  aimther  ■■iiriiniittiicatitMi  from  their  gre.il  setlU  -ent 
at  Mtdiile,  down  the  river  Alamalahama  to  the  Western  tKcali,  which  would  be  n  'lur^  utul 
blow,  that"  any  that  liaH  hitiierto  been  jjiven  to  your  MajeHty'n  interest  in  A'>ierica. 

'I'he  lorlilications  in  thin  (.'ountry  at  present  lire  bnt  v«ry  lew,  &  their  Hitn.ition  nu 
ndvantaiieouM     Charles   'I'own    for   instance,    is   regu  arly    Iwrtilied,   &   halli   about    1' ' 
mounted  on  the  waiU  the  largest  not  exceeding  twehe   punnd  ball. 

'I'here  in  likewise  a  small  fort  of  about  ItMinnttat  I'urt  Hoyal.and  a  palisadoe  fort  nf 
Savanlia 'I'ov^'n,  of  •')  or  ()  small  duns,  which  lien  about  130  miles  weHt  from  Charlc 
towards  the  bead  o(  Saiitee  river  one  hundred  &  twi  ity  miles  from  (Miarle*  Town 
another  sinall  tort;  in  all  which  pliiccM  there  are  al)out  o  k-  hundred  men  in  Carrison. 

Dnt  I'ort  Uoyal  seems  to  have  been  a  good  deal  negifteil,  considering  it  is  at  prest 
frontier  town,  lies  ready  for  the  supply  ot  the  Indian  srude,  &  the  protection  of  tlw  mt 
girrisDns,  &  has  an  exi;ellent  harbour,  (or  which  reason  we  should  think  that  place  ouglit  (•  be 
belter  secured. 

It  would  likewise  be  for  your  Majesty's  service  tliat  other  forts  should  be  builr  n 
this  province,  in  proper  places,  lor  the  reasons  whicli  sbal  he  mentioned  in  that  part  of 's 
representation  relating  to  the  means  proposed  for  prev.  uting  the  encroachments  of  <  r 
European   neiglibonrs. 

The  Indian  Nations  lying  between  Carolina  &  the  freii.  i  settlements  on  the  Mississipi, 
ore  about  !),"Ji)t)  lighting  meti.  Of  which  number  ;{, 400  wh.  in  we  formerly  traded  with,  are 
entirely  debauched  to  the  trench  interest,  by  their  n.  w  sei  lenient  &'  fort  at  the  Albamas. 
Al)ont  ;.'.000  more,  that  lie  between  your  Majesty's  snbjeci^  &  those  of  the  frencli  King, 
trade  at  present,  indilfercntly  with  liolh;  but  it  is  to  be  leared,  that  these  likewise  will 
be  debauched  by  the  french  nidess  proper  means  be  ii<ed  to  keep  tlieni  in  your 
Majesty's   intert'st. 

The  remaining  USOO  Indians  are  the  Cherokees,  a  Warlike  nation,  inhabiting  the  Apalatch(^ 
Mountain".  These,  being  still  at  enmity  with  the  french,  might  with  less  ditliculty  be  secured  ; 
ft  it  certaiidy  is  of  tlie  highest  consequence,  that  they  should  be  engaged  in  your  Mriesty's 
intereat  ;  lor,  should  they  once  take  another  party,  not  only  Carolina,  but  Virginia  likewise, 
wonUI  be  exposeil  to  their  excursions. 

Resides  the  Indians  above  mentioned,  there  are  about  1,000  savages  dispersed  in  several 
parts  between  Carolina  &  Virginia,  from  whom  we  have  not  much  to  apprehend,  provided 


lie 


24 


Rqyresentatioti  on  (he 


m 


I 


i 


'"    ,'     c 


i  I 


l^ 


your  Majesty's  Governors  of  tl.eserrovinces  live  in  tl.i.f  porf.Tt  lii.rmony  &' goo.l  .m.i'Tstmidinp, 
whicli  they  ou-ht  to  maintain  willi  eaci,  oti.er.  &  do  jtiMice  to  tiies.'  poor  peo).!.-.  who  seitioni 

give  the  first  oH'tMu-e. 

It  were  to  be  wislied,  we  had  not  so  niucii  reason  to  complain  of  our  Knro|).-;in  neighl.onrs 
in  these  parts:  but,  besides  the  encroaciinients  made  by  tiie  tivncii,  your  Majesty's  subjects 
meet  witii  ill  treatment  from  the  fJpaniards;  more  particularly  at  I'orl  S'  Auunsiine,  where 
they  have  a  garrison  of  ;300  or  400  white  men,  iS:  about  '2W  indians,  who  give  shelter  to  all 
our  runaway  Slaves,  &  without  regard  to  peace  or  treaties,  commit  rrc(iuent  ads  of  hostility 
upon  your  Majesty's  subjects. 

We' are  not  as  yet  intbrmed,  whether  (lie  Spaniards  have  re-settled  i'ensacola,  or  what  force 
they  have  there;  but  they  have  a  fort  it  the  mouth  ol  the  Catahooclic  river,  with  about  400 
or  500  men  in  Garrison;  &  we  shall  g:  e  your  Majesty  an  account  of  the  freiich  force  in  the 
neighbourhood,  in  that  part  of  our  icpoit,  which  relates  particularly  to  their  settlements  on 
the  Continent. 

This  province  having  hitherto  but  lew  inhabitants  the  (juit-rents  of  the  I.ords  |)ropriefors 
amount  only  to  about  oOO.f  per  amium;  but  there  is  a  duty  of  3'' per  skin,  for  the  beiietit 
of  the  Clergy;  &  the  contingencies  ot  tlie  govermnciit,  which  vary  every  year,  are  raised  by 
the  Assembly. 

There  are  no  Officers  in  Carolina,  that  have  patents  from  the  Crown;  A:  none  appointed  at 
present  by  your  Majesty's  Authority,  but  those  of  the  (io\ernors  &  Custom  house  Ollieers.  All 
other  Officers,  both  Civil  &  military,  hold  their  employments  immediately  under  the  Lords 
proprietors,  their  Governors,  or  the  Assembly. 

Rice  being  the  principal  &  staple  commodity  of  this  province;  &  the  merchants  trading  to 
Carolina  having  often  complained,  that  the  advantage  they  formerly  reaped,  by  supplying 
Portugal  with  rice,  hath  been  almost  entirely  lost,  since  the  Act  of  the  :J''  &  4""  years  of  (Jiieen 
Ann,  whereby  rice  is  made  one  ol  the  enumerated  commodities,  &•  ihe  importation  thereof 
restrained  to  Great  Britain,  we  think  it  necessary,  before  we  conelmle  what  we  lia\e  to  oti'er 
concerning  this  province,  to  lay  before  your  Majesty  a  particular  state  iif  this  triide. 

IJetbre  the  production  of  rice  in  Carolina,  tlie  Kingdom  of  I'ortugal  was  supplied  with  very 
great  quantities  every  year  from  Italy  ; 

And  the  great  consumption  thereof  in  I'ortugal,  with  the  liberty  ot  transporting  it  directly 
thither  from  the  Plantations,  as  freely  as  any  other  grain,  hrst  induced  the  jieople  of  Carolina 
to  plant  and  propagate  it. 

Their  labour  &  industry  being  by  degrees  rewarded,  by  an  abundant  increase  ol  this  useful 
&  valuable  product;  they  had  a  very  lair  prospect  of  wholly  supplying  the  Portugal 
Markets  therewith. 

But  being  deprived  by  the  foresaid  Ad,  of  the  liberty  of  transporting  their  rice  directly  to 
Portugal,  &  the  additional  freight,  (  from  this  to  that  Kingdom  )  with  all  other  charges  thereon, 
amounting  to  about  one  third  part  of  its  value,  no  rice  coiilil  he  carried  from  Kngland  to 
I'ortugal,  but  when  the  price  has  happened  to  be  very  high  there. 

But  the  true  state  of  this  aHiiir  will  best  appear  by  the  following  account  of  the  (|uantitieH 
of  rice  imported,  &  re-ex|)orted  communibus  annis,  on  a  medium  of  five  years,  from  Christmas 
1712  to  Christmas  1717.  viz 


H    ill 

Is  I    li 

lis       1* 


o 


State  of  the  Colonies. 

ImjinrlrJ.  owi 

From  Carolina  &  tli«  other  PlaiitaloiiM 28,073 

From  Fast  India,  Turkey,  &  Italy  alwut 2o0 

The  total  import 28,U:i3  p'  An. 

Rr-rjiniiled 

To   Portugal,   Spain,  &  other   parts,  to   the  Southward  of  cwi 

Cnpe  Finisterre 2,478 

To  Holland,  (M'rmany,  &  other  countries  to  Norlliward  of 

Cape  Finesterre 20,458. 

The  total  K.xport 'J2.y3G  p'  An. 

Ueniaiued  (or  consumption 5,3^7 

28,3-J3. 


25 


It  is  evident  from  this  account,  that  the  exportation  of  rice  from  (Jreat  Britain  to  the 
Northward  is  very  cousiderahie,  &  that  the  exportation  of  this  commodity  to  the  Southward  is 
very  small;  which  can  arise  from  no  other  cause,  hut  the  great  expense  that  attends  the  same 
in  douhle  freight,  the  rice  of  Carolina  heing  esteemed  the  best  in  the  world;  hut  by  that 
means  it  happens,  that  the  Italians,  being  near  at  hand,  have  almost  entirely  beaten  your 
Majesty's  sulijects  out  of  this  trade,  which  |)r()vcs  very  detrimental  to  the  navigation  of  (ireat 
Britain.  For  if  the  Italians  had  not  a  vent  lor  their  rice  in  I'ortugal,  they  would  hardly  be 
able  to  carry  on  a  trade  to  tliat  Kingdom  &  Spain  in  their  own  shipping,  they  having  no  other 
gross  goods,  but  rice,  &  pep[)er,  sutlicient  to  furnish  a  lading  lor  great  ships;  &  they  dare  not 
venture  in  any  others  (or  (ear  of  the  Aigerines. 

We  would  therefore  humbly  submit  to  your  Majesty,  whether  it  might  not  be  for  the 
advantage  of  the  plantations,  &•  of  (ireat  Britain  likewise,  to  allow,  that  rice  might  be  carried 
from  (Carolina  directly  to  Portugal,  or  any  other  part  of  Furope,  to  the  Southward  of  Cape 
Finesterre,  upon  giving  security,  that  every  vessel  so  freighted,  shall  touch  in  Creat  Britain, 
before  she  returns  to  the  West  Indies. 


TIIK  Ct).NSK(irKNCK  OF    rilK  PLANTATION  TUADK. 

Thus  having  gone  through  the  si'veral  Colonics  on  the  Continent,  in  order  to  demonstrate  the 
conse(piciice  their  trade  isof  toCrcat  Britain;  we  have  drawn  out  from  the  Custom  House  books 
an  Account  N"  I.  containing  the  total  amount  or  value  of  all  goods  imported  from,  &  exported 
to  the  said  Colonies,  communibus  Annis,  on  a  medium  of  three  years  from  Christmas  1714  to 
Christmas  1717. 

Ami  (orasmuch  as  the  trades  to  Africa  &  Madeira  may  be  accounted  branches  of  the 
plantation  trade,  the  returns  of  the  Coods  exported  to  those  countries  being  generally  sent 
from  thence  in  Negroes  &  wine  to  the  Pluatations  ;  we  have  included  the  amount  thereof  iu 
this  account. 

But  having  empiired  upon  this  occasion  into  the  valuations  of  the  aforesaid  goods,  we  are 
informed,  that  Tobacco,  sugar,  &.  some  other  ol  the  Plantation  products  are  over  rated ;  the 


h  '  1 


V>? 


1!' 


kf 


i 


26  Hepresentaiion  on  the 

prices  of  those  commodities  having  heen  considerably  rednced  since  the  vahiations  were 
adjusted  in  tlie  booixs  of  the  Inspector  (ienerai  of  the  Customs,  from  whence  tliis  is  drawn; 
Iiowever,  as  we  have  not  the  same  ol)jection  to  tlie  vahiations  of  our  niaiuifactures  & 
products,  we  shall  lay  the  same  before  your  Majesty,  upon  the  foot  it  now  stands. 

From  this  Account  it  will  appear,  that  the  plantations  in  America  take  from  hence  yearly  to 
the  value  of  one  million  sterlinir,  in  British  products  &  Manufactures,  &  foreign  goods. 

And  although  the  exports  charged  in  this  acount  to  the  several  Colonies  on  the  continent, 
amount  to  no  more  than  .i'4:U,()27. 1 ()*.;')''  yet  as  the  Continent  has  uiulouhtedly  a  great  share 
in  the  General  article  of  entry  to  the  West  Indies,  as  well  as  in  the  articles  of  entry  to  Africa 
and  the  Madeiras,  the  exports  to  the  Coi.tinent  may  well  be  computed  at  .i".5(l(),0t)0. 

l?ut  before  we  enter  into  the  par'icular  circumstances  ol'  the  plantation  trade  on  the 
Continent,  it  will  l)e  necessary  to  asceitain  the  pimripal  comiiKulities,  wherein  tln-ir  trade 
consists,  &  liow  much  they  respectively  amount  to;  which  will  ajipear.  .Account  .\"  'J. 

It  may  be  observed  from  this  Account,  that  the  exports  tn  the  Continent  of  America  exceed 
the  imports  from  thence  about  .t'i200.00fl  per  ainunn;  which  debt  (iills  upon  the  provinces 
to  the  Northward  of  .Maryland;  who  probably  are  enahled  to  discharge  lln'  same,  by  the  trade 
they  are  permitted  to  carry  on  in  .Xnn'ri'M,  \-  to  Knrope,  in  commodities  not  enumerated  in  the 
Acts  of  Trade,  as  may  be  gathered  from  a  State  of  their  Shipping  \-  'I'onnage  hereunto  annexed, 
N°  3.  4  &  5.  although  the  same  is  not  so  perfect  as  it  might  otherwise  have  been  for  want  of 
returns  from  the  proprietary  (Jovernmenis. 

Besides  the  advantages  accruing  to  (ireat  Britain  from  so  large  an  exportation,  to  the 
Colonies  on  the  Continent  of  America;  from  whence,  as  hath  heen  already  shewn,  there  doth 
arise  a  balance  of  i;200,()00  Sterling;  it  is  to  be  observed,  that  your  Majesty's  revenue  of  the 
Customs  is  very  considerably  increased  by  this  tratie;  that  gr.Mt  part  ol  the  commodities, 
which  we  receive  from  thence  are  such,  ;is  we  should  otherwise  he  ohliged  to  take  trom  loreifn 
markets:  &  that  there  is  a  very  great  prolit  arising  from  the  re-exportation  of  such  of  tlie  said 
Plantation  commodities  to  foreign  .Markets,  as  are  not  expended  at  home. 

Our  home  consumption  of  Tobacco  only,  may  he  computed  at  '=;,17o,0e('.  pounds  weight  per 
Animm.  .\nd  the  tobacco  re-exported  17,ll->  7-5'>  ditto  per  annum,  as  may  appear  by  the 
Account  V  6,  wherein  the  sugars,  as  well  as  the  tobacco  imported  &  exported  for  five  vears, 
from  Christmas  1712  to  Christmas  1717.  are  distinctly  stated.  And  we  have  the  rather  chosen 
to  join  them,  because  they  are  the  two  staple  commodities  of  the  islands,  iV  of  the  Continent 
whose  interests  are  inseparable,  nor  would  it  he  possible  to  support  the  Sugar  Islands,  wiihout 
the  assistance  of  the  Continent. 

There  still  remains  to  he  considered  another  gre.at  advantage  that  arises  to  this  Kingdom 
from  the  plantation  trade,  which  is,  the  constant  employment  it  gives  to  our  IJritish  Shipping 

The  number  &  tonnage  of  th."  Ships  .Irared  from  Kngland  for  His  Majesty's  Dominions  in 
America,  &  for  Africa  &  .Madeira,  in  three  years,  from  Chrislmass  1714,  to  Christmass,  1717, 
is  as  follows. 


MKM 


State  of  the  Colonies. 
Cleared  in  the  snid  three  years  for 


37 


Shipa 

Medium  iif  Iho  Ton 
Tons                nu({f^  Vvr  annum 

'210 

t)4 

55 

108 

340 

«•> 

'20/276 

6,75Hj 
l,443jr 
1,809* 
5,883 J 
15,6(;'.iii 
'1.677  8 

4,330 
5,4-29 

n.fisi 

47,009 
8 ,  003 

Marvliiiid                 

Caruliiui 

l'"or  the  CoDtinciit 

8'J'J 

10'2,7'28      1                 31,'24'2J 

niirbfttli)pft.    .                

.317 

111 

'25 

33 

30 

1(1 '2 

4 

37,849 

ll,0i)2 

1  ,770 

'2 .  w>:\ 

3,170 

22,913 

12,fil6jt 
3,697^ 
590 

987  i 
l.Oitilf 

7.«:i7S 

N,.u» 

Sainl  ('lirl»tiii>li.M's 

•laintiirii        .                           

lt.O     1                        hZ\ 

71'2 

79,917     1                  26,639 

1 

123 

t 

lt'),6H7 

5562^ 
244 

732 

1741 

200. 0H4 

66,fi8Si 

9-2 
181 

1(1,823^ 
15,875 ' 

1 

8,899 

In  all      

.1 

2,014 

226,762 

75,587. 

That  in,  communibus  nnnia, 

«7I 

75.587.    1                                  J 

Ancl  whereas  there  were  cleared  from  tliis  Kingdom,  on  a  medium  of  the  said  three   years 
ending  ut  Christmuss  1717.  for  all  foreign  parts. 


British  Ships 5fiG3,    tons  419.681. 

Foreign  ditto 3;J0,  ditto    17,446 


>■  Per  Ann. 


Ill  all 5,093 


437,127 


it  is  evident,  that  the  Sliippina;  employed  annually  in  the  plantation  trade  only,  was  more  than 
a  si.xtli  part  of  the  whole  tonnage  for  that  time  from  the  several  Ports  of  England  to  all 
foreign  Countries. 

Hut,  computing  that  the  other  five-sixth  parts  of  tlie  said  Shipping  maybe  employed  (  a  little 
more  or  less)  as  follows,  one  Sixth,  in  the  trade  to  Spain,  Portugal,  the  Streights,  Canaries, 
Kast  India,  Newfoundland,  and  Archangel ; 

One  8i.\th  to  Denmark,  Norway  &  the  Baltick  ; 

Two  sixths,  to  (Jermany,  Holland,  Flanders  and  France  & 

One  sixth  to  Ireland  and  the  other  British  Islands;  &  it  being  obvious,  that  the  Ships 
employed  in  the  tra<les  near  home  make  two  or  three  voyages,  whilest  the  Ships  bound  to  the 
plantations  are  performing  one, 

It  is  very  probable,  that  the  trade  which  is  carried  on  between  F>ngland  and  the  American 
plantations,  employs  at  least,  one  fourth  part  of  the  Shipping  annually  cleared  from 
this  kingdom. 

And  upon  casting  up  the  tonnage  of  the  plantation  products  re-exported  in  the  year  1717,  it 
appears  there  was  employed  near  half  as  much  Shipping,  in  transporting  these  goods  from 


fl 


:k 


'l; 


?1 


23  Hqvcaentidion  on  the 

lieiice  to  Germany,  Holland,  &  other  Coroign  ooiintii.-s,  as  was  omployed  in  llu-  trade  directly 
from  tiie  Britif.li  Colonies  in  America. 

Consequently  therefore  it  may  he  concluded,  tluit  nhout  one  third  part  of  the  Shipping 
employed  in  the  foreign  trade  of  this  Kingdom  is  maintained  hy  the  plantation  trade. 

But  notwithstanding  the  advantages,  at  present  arising  from  the  I'lantation  trade,  are  so  very 
considerable,  it  is  not  to  he  doubted,  but  tiiat  they  might  still  he  n-ndered  mucli  more  useful, 
if  suflicient  encouragement  were  given  to  induce  them  to  turn  tlieir  industry  to  the  production 
of  Naval  Stores,  of  all  kinds,  &  of  such  other  connnodities  as  otir  n.ressilies  r.'.|uire,  \  which 
are  purchased  by  us  with  great  disadvantage  from  foreign  Comitrics;  from  whetu-e  this 
convenience,  amongst  many  otiiers,  uould  naturally  result.  — That  the  more  Northern 
Colonies  would  be  thereby  enabled  to  pay  their  halance  to  Kmrlaiid,  wilhoiit  lying  under 
the  necessity  of  carrying  on  a  trade  to  foreign  parts,  in  some  respects  detrimental  to  their 
mother  Kincdom. 


r 


Tlie  tolal  value  of  the  ImporU  frnm 


£ 

187,059 

litU ,  S57 

aS2 .  2t)6 

34,485 

8.'),(i7S 

9S,77-.; 


l.lHj.ii'.t 


(■5.010 

22,607 

6,051 


92,675 

i.")ii,994 

38 . 906 


882,876 

1,102.219 

3,391 

412 

6,898 


00 

fi 

00 

5 

15 

IS 


d 

00 

10 

10 

9 


7 

1 
«> 

16 

4 

7 

00 

10 

6 

10 

6 

16 

1 

17 

7 

17 

19 

6 


1 
4 

00 

6 

10 


1 , 527 . 696 


15 


No.  1. 


AiiiiL'iiii  . . . 
iKirS.i.li.cj. 
.I:tiiiaion  . . . 
Mi'iiiscrnil 

.N.MS 


r>t  rliri»t»iiliuri)  , 


Niw  KnclniiJ. 
.N.H  Yoik.  . . 
['•nii^vlvania  . 


Viuinin  A  .Mnryliin,!. 
Ciirulliin 


I'l.ANTATIONS 

( In  ihe  ('"iilini'iit 

(In  (lio  SiiiTBr  li-lnnil*. . . 
W  I'-l   Imlu'S  ill  m'nunil. 

liiriiiiiilnd 

IIii'Imiii'8  liav 


The  hital  ralur  uf  Ihp  Kt|»ru  hi 


30,855 

14o.tl97 

147.931 

4.921 

12.729 

11.182 

nis.sis 


1» 

14 

fi 

n 

10 
7 


1,49.5,499 

27,236 

4,960 

I 

12 
14 

9 
9 

8 

IMalitlit  ionn 

.\lliltt    

....    Mtt'leira 

Tntnl 


139, 2«0 
SO. 314 
20,176 


209.760 

198.276 

22  9S7 


14 

6 

11 


15 
4 

16 


431,027 

348,318 

96,986 

1  .  396 

1,951 


16 
8 
6 
8 

e 


879.680  I  (H) 

87,415  '  16 

81,427  I  7 

1.0(8,523  '  4 


d 
» 

6 

6 

00 

1 


3 

11 

1 


State  of  the  Colonies. 


No.  2 
'V\\c  priiu'ipiil  imports  from  New  Ktigliind,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia  Maryland,  and 
Carolina,  are  as  (oilows. 


1            ^ 

" 

•'      i 

17  ;i4o 

14 

IH 
00 
IH 
14 
IH 
IH 
7 
fi 

I'l      j      I'rddiicL^  tff  tin*  lliiliiiii  Trade. 

l'J,(|H2 

!,      \ 
00      I 
7 
3 

1      1 
4      1 
3 
4 

•  of  tlie  ml  I'liintatioii?. 

of  fdrciun  Plantations 
(jf  C'ttnipiclie 

per  annum 

lU.'.l'.MI 

7  .liNO 

Whnl.'tiiia    

;),(i7y 

'loltlU'.M)             

i!;!i;,,')8S 

Ki,.*.     

I'.i.'^ioo 

1) ,  hHl 

Koi^\VO(h|          

'il.ilOO 

■      :tiii.4i'.i 

211,112 

17 
0(1 

1 
00 

Tlio  totiil  import  arponJinjf  to  the  rtf(»r*'fltl  (icnl 

ftocomit .  .,       Sim'. r)7t') 
hd.lKPO 

17 

(Ml 

1 

0(1 

Tin'  dai'l  itnpdrt  rftniiot  nmoiint  to  more  tliiin. . 

;tii2,r)7rt 

17 

1 

per  annnm 

No.  '2. 
And  the  principal  exports  to  the  said  provinces  are  as  follow 


In   lilllTl^ll  M  >■<(  IM-Il'HK  li   I'koIiIiTi*, 


WcuilU  n  Mmuifinliiri'j  .  .  . . 
Silk  wi'iiiiL'lit  A  llirnwn.  .  . 

Liniixim  A  a«il  vlolh 

Coriliige 

(iiiii|Hiw(ler 

l.euihi  r  wriMijtlil,  A  mi.l.llf 
Hra<«  A  iMippiT  wniiiifli". .  . 

1n<n  wriiii^lit  k  nuiln 

I.4VI>I  it  dliot    

I'l'WltT 

In  many  other  guu<U 


I<(  FnBnaM  anoDA. 

Linnenn 

Ciilliooi't 

I'rnliilnti'il  Kiint  Imlia  Onuils. . 

Wri'HKlit  >ilks 

Iruii  •(:  lli'iiip 

in  utluT  liiruigu  gooila 


Foreign  (^oo^la. 
British  (iooili*. 


TIio  said  K<port!i  amount*  to  noi-onlinif  to  the  af.  rc<uiil  (fom-ral  B<'Oi>unt  (  per  annum  )  . 
But  111  It  \r\*  1"  III  alwiiyi  uiiMitiuiunl,  tlif  tiilal  rxt>ort  uiii^hl  pmliahlv  iitnuunl  to  at  lesat;; 
(prr  niKiiiin,  ) _" " "  •  "^ ! lllUi."-! 


£ 

8 

.1 

147, 4SH 

11 

t* 
i 

IH,4tiH 

7 

1 

11.4r.4 

9 

00 

1 1  ,  'JS  t 

fi 

'.I 

•>. ,  :i><2 

l.T 

r. 

ts.ic.l 

12 

6 

■2.5(15 

C. 

'~^ 

35,ti:U 

13 

6 

•J.H.'iil 

9 

3 

3 ,  (■.H7 

fi 

n 

43,i,m 

6 

fi 

2;i4  ,  H8(i 

3 

1 

H.'.,413 

00 

00 

I(i,10'2 

4 

0(1 

lo.S'j;) 

12 

9 

1.1  HH 

11 

I 

ti.ii'i 

•■i 

11 

21,7(i(i 

ly 

9 

I3rt.I41 

13 

l> 

2U4 , HHfi 

3 

1 

431,027 

Iti 

7 

i        500, 0W1 

00 

00 

f''l 


(■  :i 


80 


Representation  on  the 


'.t 


i;  ;  .;■■ 


In  three  yi-ars  from  ^'l""  June  1714,  to  \.\w  21"'  June  1717,  tlicr*'  \\;\n  tlrand  from  MostDii^ 
the  rhief  port  in  tlu'  rioviiice  of  Miissai'linsetts  Hay.  , 


!«bl|».  »<l(>npi 


4Vo 

23 
45 
•J3 
34 


t'.78 

113 

3HU 

lis 

11 


l:il7 
■11,-. 


I'or  llic  Urili^ll  l»liinil»  in  tln'  W.  -I  Imlion 

I'liii'iiin  I'iMiitaliiiii* 

W.sl  Iii.li.  s     

Ni\vfiniii.ll:iiul 

lMiro|  If 

MnJeirii,  iVzoits,  Ac 

(Jrciit  rritain 

liriiiali  I'lmitaticiiis  on  lli>'  r.>iiiiii..Mit 

liay  of  Camp.  I'lu!  lor  l.OL'Woii.i 

To    jiorts  uiikiiown 

The  total  in  tlirco  voai'9 

That  i.«, 
C'ommiinihnu  aniii!* 

N.  1!.  —  l.l!''J  of  tlu'  uforesiii.l   IJIT  thips  iiml  vc.-Hels,   cotiliiiiiinL'  .'lSI^'i-  !"»<,  » 'T 
plnfitiiiion  laiilt 


Tont 


Mm. 


U7,S3I 

:i,h:to 

•J .  fi>'7 

:i<.<3 

\.■^T.^ 

17,'. 

I,  Ml,-. 

'J74 

1  >f,:. 

2111 

l.C.'.H)       1 

■JUtI 

in.ifin  I  ft.  11 1* 

11, Mil  I  1,41J 

ii,,'.Kii  I  i.Hsa 

l.r,76  I  TX\ 

41,'.  I  fi3 

tl'J ,  7  f*8 


8.f.li7 


No.  4. 
In  tlie  said  three  years  there  were  also  cleared  IVoni  the  I'ort  ol'  Salem,  in  the  same  F'roviiwM 

I        Mi'ii, 


-^llil*  8l'>n|)»  Ac.  I 


III 

117 


p'or  tlu'  Iiiili>li  IbIhiiiI.^  in  llif  \V,>;  Imlics 

>uriMani 

Wo-t  ln,lit> 

Kiiroj  I'   

iludiiru  Azurer  io 


T..I11 


7,'.      i  IM 

3ii4     '<  4n 

j,     y,ii'2    '     i.]&'2 


197 

4 

31 


232 


fJroftt  Hiitain 

British  I'hintation^  on  the  Contiui'nt 


The  total  in  three  j'enrs  .  .  . . 
That  i«,  ("oinmnnihna  Annin. 


1  J ,  2 1 N 
2im 

1  ,(KI5 


13,431 


1 ,  4116 

21) 

1,^N 


1,7H2 


4.477      , 


604 


No.     5 

And  from  New  York  there  were  deartd,  in  three  years,  from  24'"  June  17  !'>  fo  21"' June  17H 

Hhipn,  ?ln<,ps  Ac 


t!3 
211,5. 

9 
K.-> 
21 

9 


fi4.5 


21.5 


To  (iniit  Hritain 

liiitish  Plantation-  <.n  the  I'ontiiu'ht  , 
Uritifh  ri.inlatioii.s  on  tin-  Man. Ik.  .  . 

Niwf..iin.llan.l  

foreiiin  |.ln!ilati.in.« , 

.\la.leirn-,  Afn.'a  Ac 

Km  ojic    


Total  in  three  years 

That  i.<, 
f'nniinnTiihuR  Annis  . 


I       Tom 


4,;iM2 

4  . 2.14 

8,77(1 

K!i,5 

2511,5 

1 3H,-| 

f.l5 


22 ,  8lt2 


7,4«4 


Mrn 


G3M 

HVl 

1,1"  >4 

fl7 

2H2 
122 


4,613 


1 ,  61  (4 


State  of  the  Colonies. 


81 


No.  (5, 


SI  ilAli,  llltoWN. 


IitiiiMrtpd 
(  »U. 


Ill   I7I» 

nil 

171ft 
I71H 
1717 


."illH.o-^H 

til7,»H 

i;si  .:i7H 
7'i-.7li.'i 


re-fxixiriiil 

Cwu. 


i(<;i.'Jiii 
iri7,o;iri 
li'j.Tiil 
l.'.l.riH) 

•JS!) ,  (nil 


111  lln'  Kiiiil  liv.'  yiiir*. 
ur  (.'uiniiiuiiil'iis  aiiiiiti. 


Sl'Hll.'JlH) 

lUil.ii.'iH 


Icil.l.M 
IsCblio 


llriiiikiiKM)  for  coiiMimption ; I       4'2'.i,  108  pr  Ann 

I 
Til."  loliil  Anmml  Import i| 


filll,(l.')N 

n«  iiforcsiiiil. 


No.  <■). 


TOHACCO. 


1.1  1713 
1714 
171,1 
171il 
1717 


In  llo-  auiil  tivt>  yearn, 
or  ('oiiiiiiiiiiilmii  nniiiA. 


Ui  iiiiiiiii'il  for  i'oiii<iiiii|>tion  .  . 
Tliu  tuUl  .\iinr.al  Import. 


Importwl 

»i    WI 

Ki -f  xporleil 

•n  ..V.IS.SII7 

V'.l.  -li  1  .li'.lt 
17  .Kill, sill 

•.!s,;iir.,iih« 

'.i'J.Oiiip.iiSIl 

lil,,"ill7,7'.Mi 
l'.i,ii/)il/.Mil 
lH.IT'.t.lHI 
Iti.fiiil.lU 
lll.SM.I.I-Mi 

l'ii"i,.'/8>.l.'.IIH\ 

8,').71:i,77y 

•j.-i.Hn.yHi    I  17,112,703 


.j      8,',75,i'2lil)r  Ann.' 

.  I  25,ai7.'.lSl  j 

I  iiH  iifon'fniil. 


Mis.-^i.<sirri. 

Till'  Kifiicli  nation,  liavinjr  always  been  di'sirons  to  e.xteiul  their  dominions  in  America, 
liavt"  lost  no  opportunity  of  oncroaching  upon  tlifir  Neiglibours  there.  And  although  your 
.M  ijfsly  &your  Uoyal  Ancestors  have  an  uncontestable  right  as  well  by  discovery  as  possession, 
to  the  several  Urilish  Colonies  in  America;  yet  the  (rench  Kings  have  at  sundry  times  made 
grants  thereof  to  their  subjects.  8uch  were  the  letters  patents  of  Louis  tiie  13"*  in  favour  of 
th.'  french  West  India  Company,  bearing  date  th<'  29""  of  April  1G-J7;  &  those  of  Louis  the 
1  I""  to  Moils' Croisat  some  time  since  surrendered  to  tlie  united  India  Company  of  france, 
u|)on  which  they  build  their  title  to  the  Mississipfii.  Many  other  instances  of  the  like  nature 
might  be  given  were  they  necessary  to  the  present  purpose,  but  tliese  two,  which  comprehended 
almost  all  your  Majesty's  dominions  in  America,  may  be  sullicient  to  shew  the  unlimited 
iniiination  the  Irench  have  to  encroach  upon  your  .Majesty's  territories  in  those  parts. 

However,  as  the  french  are  convinced,  that  a  Charter  without  possession,  can  never  be 
allowed  by  the  law  of  nations  to  change  the  property  of  tlie  soil;  they  have  employed  another 
artifice;  and  without  embarrassing  themselves  about  former  discoveries,  made  by  the  subjects 
of  other  I'rinces  liave  i)uilt  small  forts  at  the  heads  of  Lake.s  &  rivers,  along  tiiat  vast  tract  of 
land,  from  the  entry  of  the  river  of  S'  Lawrence  to  the  embouchure  of  the  Mississippi,  into 


IT«- 


'ii;^. 


M 


' 


g2  liepirsentation  on  the 

the  bay  of  Mexim;  not  s..  ,n.>rh  will,  iufntion  probably  to  bonn.l  Ib.ir  ou-n  f.-rritorirs.  as  to 

l!::.;;:^l,a,  tl...  Lave  aln.a.ly  ,o..  .Hi  a  , lav bl.  ,m..,un>  sball  .n-  tb.-n  o.-as,.n 

to  make  furtberintrusions  upon  tbeir  nei^bbours.     An.l  if  xW  late  «ar  ,n  Knrope    .1,.  re  t   . 
alUes  n,aae  so  s„..vssn,l   elforts  a.-ainst  the  exorbitant  power  of  Iran.e.  ba.l  not  tonn-l  Lou,*, 
the    U-    eniMbn-ment  at    bon.e,    it   is   very  liUely  ll^e  Irenrb    woul.l  bave  been  n.u.b    more 
formidabU.   than    tbey    are    now    in     AnuTiea.    Notwitbs,Mn.ln,t:  tbe  treatv  o(  nenlrai.ty  (or 
tbo.e  parts  ma.le  at  i.on.lon   >n    IC---.   ou.bt    to    bave   sreure.!    to  (ireal    UrUan.   the   several 
(\.lonies.  wh.'reof  vour  Majestv's  Woval   pre.bvessors  stoo.l   poss.sse.i   at    the  tun.   ol   making 
the  sai.l  treatv,   bat   the   little   reuar.l    lb.    freneh    have   to   that    treaty,   will   evulently   appear 
bv  the  evasions  \-  trivolons  pr.'tenees  srt  on   b-ot    hv  tlnsr  ministers  .lurine  the  .bl,ates   in  the 
vear  If.s?  at  l.on.bm,  winm  the  l.onl.  Muuierbuni.  Mnl.ll.-ton.  \-  t  Iciolphin  were  :,pp...nte.l  by 
kin.'  James  to   eonfer  with   the   iIi.m.   tren.b    A.uhas.adors    >b.i,.s'   .le    Hanlhm,  \    the    Menr 
Dusson  (le  l'..HirepeauN  eon.ernim:  ih-   houn.iaries  of  tbe  llu.ison's  bay  (N.mpany,  vV  altlaamb 
that  Conferenee  termmate.l  in  a  Conlirmation  of  tbe  aforesaid  Treaty  of  nentralily,  to,i;rihrr 
witli  a  resoliili.m  of  setllin-  tbe  Immi.laries  between  the  Knu-lish  \-  Ireneb  eolonies  in  Ameriea, 
by  proper  Commissaries,  whicii  rouliiion  lias  since  been  eiiforenl  bv  ihr  in'"  Artie!.' of  the 
treatv  of  rtre.'iil;  yet  the  freneh  .dulil  nev.T  be  imlnci'il  to  enter  sincerely  upon  so  m-eessary  a 
work.  notwithstandimiConimissariowcr.'  lat.'ly  appoint. 'd  for  that  purpose,  .V  m.-l  with  olher.^ 
deputed  by  the  trench  (.'onrt,  at  Paris. 

It  is  therefore  very  apparent  trom  thoe  Iraiisa.  tions,  that  there  remains  no  way  to  settle  onr 
boundaries,  but  by  making;  ourselves  <  oi.siderable  at  the  two  iieacis  of  your  Majesty's  t.'idonies, 
North  &  South,  iV  by  buibUi^'  ot  toils,  as  the  trencli  have  done,  in  proper  places,  on  tbe 
inlaiul  frontiers. 

The  French  territories  in  America  extend  tVoin  the  moutli  of  tlie  IJiver  S'  l.awreiu'e,  to  tlie 
enibouebure  of  the  Mississippi,  fonniiii;  one  eoiitiiuied  line  from  North  to  ."'^outli  on  tbe  l>ack  of 
vour  Majesty's  plantations,  iV  altliouiih  their  garrisons,  in  many  parts,  are  hitherto  Imt  very 
ineonsidt-rahle,  v.-t  as  tliev  have,  hy  tlu'  means  of  their  Missioiiarii's,  (b-hauched  several  of  tbe 
Indian  .Niitioiis  to  their  interest,  vmir  Majesty's  suiijects  aloiu:  the  coiiliiit  nt  lia\t  the  utnn)Ht 
danger  to  ajiprebeud  from  this  new  settlement,  unless  timely  care  be  taken  to  prevent 
its  increase. 

lint  this  will  he  the  proper  subji'ct  of  aiiotiier  part  of  this  Ifeport ;  iV  therefore  we  sball  at 
present  proceed  to  give  your  .Majeslv  an  Account  ot  tbe  forts  the  trench  iiave  built,  &•  tbe 
settlements  they  bave  nnide  to  sec, ire  their  communication;  ot  tbe  several  rcuila  tbey  bave 
practised  from  (iueiiec  to  the  Mississippi;  of  tiie  Indian  nations  in  those  p.'irts,  wiiom 
tbey  have  gained  over  to  tiuar  intere.st,  and  of  those  who  sliil  remain  Iriends  to  your 
Majesty's  subjects. 

And  as  tbe  most  perfect  accomil  we  liave  of  tliese  particubirs,  was  trai\«mitted  to  us 
some  time  since,  i)y  Mr  Keith,  the  |)resent  (iovernor  of  I'emisvlvania,  we  iiobl  ourselves 
obliged  upon  this  occasion  to  acknowledge  bow  mucii  we  arc  indei)ted  to  bis  e.xaclness  & 
ap|)liciition  therein. 

It  is  evident  from  Fattier  neniii|.eii  &  La  Salles  travels,  tli.it  tbe  communication  between 
Canada  &  Mississippi  is  a  very  late  discovery;  &■  perhaps  such  a  one,  as  no  nation,  less  imbistrious 
tiian  tiie  frencb,  would  have  attempted;  Imt  it  must  be  allow'd  that  they  have  a  great 
advantage  over  us  in  this  particular,  to  which  even  the  nature  of  their  religion  and  government 
do  greatly  contribute;  for  tneir  Missionaries  in  lilind  obedience  io  llieir  superiors,  spend  wiiole 


if  ^' 


State  of  the  Cdoniev. 


88 


yt'urs  in  rxplorinpr  New  Oniintrirs;  and  thf  cncourairpmi'Mt  tlic  late  frtMuli  Kin>?  gave 
to  tilt-  (liHcovcnTS  \'  [ilanhTs  of  nt-w  tracts  of  l.itid,  (l(  !'ar  cxct'i'd  any  advantage  your 
M:iii'slv's    iri\,d    I'n'di'ccsHors    liavf    liillirrto    uivcii    to    tin  ir    Hid)i('cts   in    Anii-rica;    and    as 


wo 


yoiir  .Majcsiy'H  Knropcan  dominions  have  lone  lit't'n  Ixirllicii'd  willi  tin*  t'xptMist;  of  t 
Kiii'ffssive  wars,  tlic  I'arliaiiifnt  ol'lirt'at  IWilian  have  liitlirrto  only  lieen  alile  to  assist  the 
IManlatioiis  with  a  very  spa-inn  liand;  allho'  considering  the  great  Ifevenne  they  bring  your 
Miijcslv  in  voiir  Cnstoins,  iV  the  vast  iinporlancc  ihcv  ar»' of  to  lhetra(h-  &:  navigation  ot  these 


KiiiiidoMis,  it  is  now 


to  ii 


M' 


d  I 


icv  ma 


y  ill'  liioui^lit  wortliy  of  greater  attention 


And  imh'ed  had  this  matter  iiem  sooner  eonsidcred,  tiie  frencli  dominions  had  in'ver  Iieen 
extended  from  North  to  South  tlirongli  llie  whole  ('<nitinent  of  America.  For  your  .Majesty's 
Nulijects,  who  had  much  greater  convenience  of  discovering  iV  making  treaties  with  (he  Indian 
nations,  on  llie  Lakes,  which  lie  so  cimlignous  to  the  hack  of  the  llritisli  SettltMuents,  might 
elt'ectnally  have  prevented  this  communication  which  may  prove  Idghly  inconvenient  to  tliu 
traih'  iV  welfare  of  your  Majesty's  Colonies. 

However,  it  is  not  e\en  yi't  too  late  to  think  of  ap|)lying  a  remedy ;  nor  will  it  i)e  at  all 
impossihle  to  inlerru|it  a  rout,  which  your  Majesty  may  perceive  hy  the  following  detail,  hath 
many  natural  oi)structions,  iV  could  lu'ver  have  been  rendered  practicable  without  the 
greatest  imlustry. 

Krom  Mount  Keal,  on  the  Uiver  S'  Lawrence,  tlie  freneh  gem'raily  sail  in  canoes  alxuit  three 
leagues  to  the  tails  iit  ."'^aint  Louis,  where  they  are  olilig"d  to  land,  &  travel  about  halt  a 
League,  belbre  they  embark  again,  in  order  to  row  up  the  stream.  About  (50  league.s  further, 
to  l''ort  Krontenac  situate  on  the  North  side  ol  the  ri\er,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Lake  Ontario, 
where  they  lia\e  a  (iarrison  consisting  of  om-  or  two  Companies,  from  thein-e  they  proceed  on 


the  said    Lake    reputeil    jibout  >(»   leagu 


es  lu    leu 


ulli,  to  the  great  f.dl  of  Niagara,  wliicli  lies 
between  the  lakes  ()ntarioand  Krie,  where  they  are  obliged  to  travel  over  land  again  about 
three  Ijeainies,  befori'  they  enter  the  lake  Lrie,  wliicli  i.s  about   l^iO  leagues  in  length. 

From  this  lake  to  the  Mississippi  they  ha\e  thi'ee  diirerent  routes.  The  shortest  l)y  water  i.s 
upthe  river  Miamis,  or  ( )uanHs,  on  the  .<oulh  west  of  Lake  Krie;  on  which  river  they  sail  about 
lot)  leagio's  without  interruption,  when  they  fuul  themselves  stopt  by  atu)ther  landing,  of  about 
three  leau'in's,  which   they  call   a  carrying   place,  because   they  are  generallv  obliged   to   earrv 


their  ciimies  over 
dl 


land, 


in  those 


to  the  nt  xt  river,  &  tiiat  where   they  next   embark  is  a 


1  La  ITuiere  de  pint 


'wrr  they   row  about  10  leagues  to   the  river 


very  sliallow  om'  callci 

Oid'.ich,  iV  i'rom  thence  about  TJO  leagiU's  to  the  Hiver  Ohio,  into  which  the  Oubacli  falls,  as 
the  river  <  )hio  does  ab(mt  M)  leau'ues  lower  into  the  .Mississippi,  wliiidi  continues  its  course  fur 
about  :i)il  leaiiues  directly  to  the  bay  of  Mexico. 

'There  are  likewise  two  other  oass.iges  nnich  hmger  than  this,  which  are  particularly  privk'd 
down  in  llemiipens  map,  and  may  be  described  in  the  following  iininner. 

From   tlie   North  east  of  Lake  Krie  to  a   fort   on   the   Lake  ."<'  Clair,  called    I'tuit  Chartrin  is 


d>out 


Leagues   sail;   here   the   trench    have   a   .'^ettlenu'nt,  iV:   ollen   -KUt   traders   meet   tl 


lere 


Along  this  Lake  they  proceed  about  se\en  leagues  further  \'  thence  to  the  great  Lake  Huron 
about  ten  leagues;  hence  tliey  proieed  to  the  straits  of  .Nrichillimiickinack  1-H)  leagiu's 
Here  is  a  (iarrison  of  about  thirty  freneh,  and  a  \asl  concourse  ot  Traders,  sometimes  not  less 
than  !(>(»(),  besides  Iniliaus.  being  a  cot.imon  place  ol  rcnde/vous.  At  &  near  this  place  the 
Oularwas,  an  liniian   nation,  ar»'  settled. 

From  the  lake  Huron  they  [)ass  by  the  Straight  Michillinwickinack  four  leagues,  being  two 
ill  breadth,  &  of  a  great  depth,  to  the  lake  Illinois;  thence  150  leagues  ou  the  lake  to  fort 


;■■  ■  y. 
!!:    H 

III 


r,  ;■ 


U  ■ 


84  Hepresentation  on  the 

Miiimia,  aituatt'd  on  tlie  iii.iutli  of  lln-  rivi-r  Cliiiiim.).- ;  Iroiii  Iumic  raiiu'  lliost^  Iiidiims  of  tli« 
aami'  iiamt",  \\i'  Miaiiiis,  who  an-  scttli'd  uii  ilic  lort'iiifiitioiifd  river  tlial  rims  into  Kric. 

Tp  till'  rivor  CliiKajioi'  tlu-y  sail  l)iil  ;t  Icaituea  to  a  passam'  of  |"'  ol  a  Icaciif  ;  llu-ii  I'litcr  ii 
small  Lake  of  almiil  a  inik',  and  have  aiiolliiT  very  Miiall  porlai;.',  \-  a>:aiM  anollii-r  ol  two 
miles  to  tlio  river   Illinois,  tlieiiee  down  the  stream   lot)  leagues  to  Mississippi. 

The  next  rout  is  Irom  Miehillimarkiiia.k  on  the  lake  Illinois  to  the  lake  de  itiians  IKI  leauneH, 

thence  to  the  river   paans   ->()   Keau'iies.  llience   up  the    sii to   a   portai:e   ol    about    J    miles 

before  they  come  to  the  river  (hviseonsiiii:,  thenee  lU  leauiie.s  to  Mississippi. 

These  distances  arc  as  the  trailers  reikoii  them  ;  hut  they  app.-ar  generally  to  he  much  over 
done,  which  may  he  owini;  to  those  pcoiiles  coasting  along  the  shores  of  the  lakes,  &•  taking 
in  all  the  windings  of  the  rivers. 

They  have  another  much  shorter  passnge  from  Mount  h'eal  to  Lake  Huron,  hy  (he  treixdi 
river  on  the  m)rth  of  Saint  Lawrence  \'.  Inch  comuiunKates  with  the  two  latter  routs ;  hut  il 
abounds  with  tails,  &  therefore  it  in>t  so  mneli  used.  They  have  also  hy  this  river  a  much 
shorter  passage  to  the  upper  Lake,  or  Lake  Superieur. 

The  french  have  :it  all  limes,  used  their  utmost  endeavours  t(»  bring  o\i'r  the  Indians  to  their 

Interest;  &-  the  missionaries  have  1 u  so  suci'essful  in  this  point,  that  they  have  seduced  some 

part  of  the  Iroipiois,  commonly  called  by  I  he  name  ol  the  live  nations,  from  their  ancient  friendship 
&  dependence  on  your  majesty's  colony  ot  .New  Voik  :  \  although  provision  was  made  by  the 
I-')'''  Article  of  the  treaty  of  L'trecbt  to  |irevenl  the  like  inconvenieiieies  lor  the  luture,  yet 
experience  hath  shewn  that  such  treat les  made  with  the  french,  as  cannot  be  alterwards 
executed  without  their  assistance,  are  likely  to  prove  inelfectual.  We  would  therefore  tollow 
their  example  in  this  |iar(icul,ir,  ^-  Icse  no  time,  ai  least  in  securing  such  of  the  Induin 
nations,  a.s  are  not  already  in  league  wiih  tliem. 

Of  this  sort  are  the  .Miainis.  settled  upon  the  river  ol  the  sann'  name,  which  t'^-s  into  the 
Lake  Krie,  &  are  about  iJ.llOU  in  nuinher.  'I'be  gaining  of  this  .N.ition  to  the  Hrif.jh  interesti 
would  be  of  very  great  importance  ;  and  as  we  are  informed,  miybt  be  done  by  settling  a 
trade  witli  their  &  building  a  small  tort  upon  the  l,ake  Krie,  where  the  Irencli,  in  171"',  had 
no  settlement;  what  they  have  now  is  not  as  yet  come  to  our  knowledge,  though  in  all 
probability  they  have,  or  will  soon  begin  to  huihl  one  there.  'I'bis  will  app.-ar  to  be  the  more 
necessary,  when  we  shall  consider,  how  many  Indian  .Nations,  on  the  back  of  the  British 
settlements,  the  french  have  already  gained  to  their  interest. 

The  Illinois  are  about  ;},U()0  men,  on  or  near  the  river  of  th.at  name. 

The  Oltoways,  or  .Miehillimackinacks  were  formerly  ;{,U()0  but  now  scarce  oOt). 

The  .Nokes \m) 

The  Kelles  avoins t;()() 

The  Sakes 'jdO 

The  Puans CiOO. 

All  these  joined  the  french  against  the  five  nations  in  the  late  war,  \-.  all  of  them,  except 
the  Miamis,  are  seated  about  or  near  to  the  Lake  Illinois,  which  is  now  commonly  calli'd  by 
them  .Michigan,  and  on  the  rivers  that  run  into  it,  &  on  the  Lake  I'uans,  &tiie  Hiver  Illinois 

On  the  .Mississippi,  &  the  hranclu  s  of  it,  there  are  many  great  nations,  es|)ecially  to  the 
West,  as  the  .Missouris,  O/ages,  Acausias,  (dilferent  from  those  of  Acansa  on  the  Last)  with 
many  more,  not  less,  as  is  atlirmed  than  GO.OOO  men;  with  all  whom  it  is  said  the  french  have 
peace  or  some  alliauce. 


^ 


State  of  the  Colons.  19 

On  the  otluT  Imtul,  nil  tli«  Enplish  to  the  iiDrtliwnrd  of  Carolina  have,  n  '  liW)0  flfr>  iig 
men  in  their  intert'Ht  to  he  depentled  on,  except  tlie  f»  nations;  —  in  N  w  Kiiitlaiii  ic 
Conneclient  they  iiave  very  lew;  in  New  York  only  the  river  IndianH,  tit^iileH  ilie  uve 
nations ;  —  in  Jersey  &  I'ennsylvania,  tlieir  own  or  home  nations,  called  Del  iwares,  are 
exeeeflinjily  decreased  and  heing  in  snlijedion  to  the  five  nations,  take  their  rules  Ironi 
them;  —  iti  Maryland  &  N'ir^inia,  there  are  very  lew,  except  those  to  the  South-west,  whom 
Colonel  Spotswood  with  great  industry  has  lately  gained   hy  treaties  Ar,  hostages. 

Those  ol  Carolina,  &  the  natimis  lately  in  Iriendsliip  with  them,  have  been  very  nunjerous, 
lint  are  not  so  at  |)resent ;  the  I'reneli  having  made  great  incroachinents  in  those  parts,  and 
gained  many  (d  the  Indians  there  over  to  their  interest. 

'I'lius,  liy  one  view  ol  the  Map  ol  .North  .\merita.  Your  .Majesty  will  see  the  danger  your 
Hulijects  are  in,  surrounded  hy  the  Irench,  who  have  rohhed  them  of  great  part  ol'  the  trade 
they  lorinerly  drove  with  the  Indians,  have  in  great  measure  cut  oil"  their  prospect  of  further 
improvements  that  way,  &  in  case  of  a  rupture,  may  greatly  incommode,  if  not  absolutely 
destroy  tlicin  hy  their  Indian  .Miles.  .\nd  although  the  iiritish  I'lantations  are  naturally 
liirtilied,  hy  a  chain  of  .Mountains,  that  run  from  the  hack  of  South  (Jarolina,  as  far  as  New 
York,  passahle  hut  in  few  places;  yet  should  we  not  possess  those  passes,  in  time,  this  would 
rather  prove  destructive  than  heiietii  iai  to  us. 


C<>.\SlI)KH.\ri(K\8 

l-\ir  Si(uiiiig,   ImjiKiiiiig  \  I'.nliiigdifr  ijnur  Mtij(stif$  Dumiiiionn  in  Avitncti. 

ITaving  laid  hi-lore  your  Miijesty  the  state  of  your  I'lantations  on  the  Continent,  having 
observed  the  importanci'  ihfir  traile  is  to  these  Kingdoms,  &:  shewn  how  much  they  lie 
exposed  to  the  incursions  of  their  Kuropean  neigliliours,  &  of  the  Indians  in  their  Interest; 
what  further  remains  is,  th.>t  we  ^ll()uld  liumlily  oiler  to  your  Majesty's  consideration  such 
methods  as  have  occurred  to  us,  for  secwriuii,  improving  &  enlarging  so  valuable  a  possession, 
as  that  of  your  .Majesly.i  dominions  in  America;  which  we  conceive  might  most  efl'ectually 
be  done  — 

1"  Hv  TAKI\(»  TIIK  M;(KS><AKV  IMtEf  AIMOXS  TO  I'JIEVE.NT  THK  EXCROACU.MENTS  OF  THE 
FKKNCII,  dU  (IK  AW  OTIIEK    Kl'UOPEA.N   .NaTION, 

i^''     \\\   Ct-l.TIVAIIXii    *  coon   I  XUEUMTANUlSii    WITH   THE   NATIVE   I.NOIANS, 

Ano  i.asti.v,  nv  n  rrivd  rii!:  (JovEUNMENr  oi-  rim  i'La.ntations  vvoh  a  uettkh  i'oot. 

In  order  therefore  to  secure  your  Majestys  colonies  from  the  encroachments  of  their 
Kuropean  neighbours  in  America,  whereof  we  receive  daily  complaints  from  the  several 
(jovernors  on  the  Continent,  it  will  be  highly  necessary  to  begin,  by  fortifying  the  two 
extremities  to  the  North  &  ."^oiilli. 

This  will  appear  the  more  necessary,  when  it  shall  be  considered,  how  much  the  french  have 
strengthened  their  settlements  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Nova  .Scotia  &  ('arolina,  whilst  yonr 
Majesty's  subjects,  either  through  neglect  or  misfortune,  are  nuich  weaker  in  these  two 
provinces,  than  any  other  part  of  America. 

It  has  been  already  observed,  that  there  are  not  above  two  British  families  in  all  Nova  Scotia, 
beside  the  Garrison  of  Annapolis,  consisting  of  at  present,  only  six  companies  of  34  men, 
each,  but  there  are  still  near  UOUU  IVeach  inhabitants  remaining  in  this  province,  who,  contrary 


h  ' 


•M\ 


Hfprfwntation  on  th 


'If 


't-y 


i-:; 


N  - 


tu'llii'  troafy  of  I'trtvlit,  r.-fiisf  to  tnU.-  tin'  oallM  ol  Allt'niiiiict'  to  your  .NfajcHiy,  S(  in 
niinliiuation  with  their  coiiiilryiiKMi  at  rai»t«  llri-toii,  arc  daily  iii.oliuMtiiiji  llic  iialivt-  linliaiiH 
not  orilv  to  coiiiinil  iii<iiihs  ii|ioii  yinir  Nliji'styH  Hultjfcts,  liMhiii^  upon  the  Coa?*!  of  iNovu  Scoiiii 
l)ut  t'v»Mi  to  Hi't  up  a  tilh'  to  till'  whoh'  proviiin',  in  opposjiion  to  your  .Miijcsiy's  riulii. 

The  frcncii  likt'wisc  |)r('tt'ii<l,  llial  only  the  pciiitisula  oC  Accadia  (lianily  our  ihu'l  part  of 
Nova  Scotia)  was  yii'hlc(i  to  tlu'  I'louii  of  (in-, it  Uritaiu  liy  tin'  treaty  of  I'trcrlitj  anil 
iiolwithstandintf  tliis  pretence  is  snllirieinly  refilled  in  the  fiiniier  part  dI  this  report,  l>y 
eoiiipariiisi:  the  Cliarter  to  Sir  Wdliatii  Alexander,  the  lirst  projiriflor  ol  Nova  .Seolia,  with  the 
article  of  Cessioti  in  the  treaty  of  I  irecht;  yet  from  tliene  iiiireasonalile  caviU,  '  •  lime  of 
profound  peace  &•  frieiilship   lietweea    the    two  Nations    may    he   collected,    how  dedirous   the 


trench,  are  to  ma 


l-.e   tl 


lemselves   in  isiers  o 


f  tin 


iii)\ince,  which   ihev  may  easilv  ovcrrnn  on 


the  first  rupture,  the  same   heiiii;  in  a  manner   already   surromidcd   hy    their    sclllemeiits  at 
Cape  IJretoii,  liOiii;  Island,  and  (^iiehcc. 

In  our  liumhle  o|iinion,  therefore,  md  time  should  he  lost  in   puiiini,'  nf  this  pro\  it into  a 


lietter  posture  o 


f  del 


cliee 


vV  Wi 


iliU 


hei;   leave    to    repeal    uiii    |HMpiis,il  ot    seiidliit. 


Iiilir 


rcLriinents  ot'  foot  to  Nova  .*^colia. 

Without  some  assistance  of  this  nature,  it  will  he  in  vain  tn  lliinU  of  setlliim  Nova  ."^cotia; 
for  planters  will  never  lix,  where  they  can  have  no  security  tor  their  persons  or  ellects,  Imt 
wlienever  this  main  point  sliali  lie  siilli.  uiitlv  jiroN  idcd  hir,  it  is  Id  he  hopeii,  so  lertile  a  ('oiiiitrv 
will  not  want  intiahitanl^'.  All  reasonahle  em  ourapenient  however  hliould  lie  i;iveii  to 
adventurers  to  settle  there;  &  in  some  tormer  reports  lo  your  .Majesly,  we  have  hiimhlv  otVer'd 
it  as  our  opinion,  that  it  would  he  ;:really  for  your  service  that  the  presei.i  i"lahilaiitH  of 
Newfoiiiidland  should   he  enirai;ei' 

to    the    li-diery  of   (Ireat    iSrilain,  and    settle    in    ,\,)v,i 
this    Kingdom. 

We  shall  not  troulde  yniir  Majesty  with  the  reperiimi  of  |he  purticiilars  nienlioiied  in  furmer 
parts  of  this  representation  coiiceriiiut.'  llie  (orlitications  proposed  In  he  erected  on  Ihe  ('oa>t  of 


:uit    that    |>liice,    where    they  drive   a   trade    prejiidieiai 


^I'otia,   wheie   thev   mav    1 


le  iiseliil   lo 


,\ovia   ."^cotia;   hut    shall    hei;   leave   in   mneral  to  ohserve,  that    h 


ivs   and    harhours  Hliouhi  I 


»« 


secured,  \-  some  forts  Imilt  in  |)ro|)er  jilaces  tor  the  protection  of  your  M.ijesly's  snlijeciM  lishiiii 
upon  the  Const. 

In  that  part  of  tliis  report,  relating'  to  the  french    settlenient.s,  we   have  lak 


en    notice 


nature  has  furnished  the  llritish  Colonies  with  a  harrier. 


that 


wine 


I  may  easily  he  deleiided,  having 


east  up  a  lorn,'  ridire  of  mouatains  helweeii  your  .Majesty's  ri.nitations  &  ihe  french  settlements 
extending  from  South  Carolina  to  .New  York;    hut  there  are  douhtjess  several  passes  over  these 

ind  we    had    the 


Mountains,  wliiidi   ought  lo  he  secumi  as  soon   as   ihev  shall   he   discovered 

honour   not  long  ago  to    reccommend  to  your  .Maj.'sty's   approhation  a  proposal  for  fortil 

the  passes  on  the  h;ick  of  \'irginia.      In  our  opinion  all  possihle  eticmiragenient  should  1 


VMU 


to  discoveries  \-  uiiderlak 


e  given 


ngs  of  I  his  nature 


lor  It 


are  not   secured,  your  Majesty' 

Indians  under  their  inliuence,  who  are  very  nunienms. 
JJul  although   these  .Mountains  mav  serve  ;it  present  fi 


ill  the  p.isse.x  over  this  ridire  of    Mount 


'jecis  will  he  luihle  lo  ih,.  insuhs  of  the  trench,  and  of 


lln^< 
the 


jiropose  them   for  the  houndary  of  your    Majestys  Kmpire  in   .A 


or  a  very  good  frontier,  we  should   not 


m.rica.     On  the  conlrarv,  it 


were  to  tie  vvisned,  that   the  15ritisli  Settlements  might   he  .Mended   hevond  il 
small    fort.s   erected    on    the    great    Lakes,    in    proper    places,    hy  p 


lelll, 


Hom« 


proprietors;  &  we  would  particularly  recommend   tl 


■rniissioii  ol    th,.    Indi 


e   huilding  of  a  fort  on   the   Lake   K 


in 

rie, 


SUit^  of  the  Cofonie^. 


8T 


nH  Imth  l't'i*n  prnponrd  by  ColonH  Spotswood,  your  MnjpMy'n  I,ipu'  (lovernor  of  N'irRiniii, 
wliiTi'liv  the  (r»'iK'h  commiiiiicjitionH  liom  (^ii-lxur  to  tlii-  Hivcr  Mississip[ii,  luiRlit  l)0 
itit»«rriipit'(l,  fi  lU'Wlnulc  opi'iicd  with  Rome  o(  the  liidiaii  natidtis,  &  mort!  of  the  tmtivrH 
•'iiij.r^fil  in  voiir  M:ijt'Hty'H  itil»'r»'sl. 

'riuTi-  will  !»♦>  till'  anmo  ri'imon  for  t'ri'cfiiin;  anollier  Fort  nt  llie  t'nWn  of  Mngarn,  iii'iir  the 
liKki-  '  Milario,  M'  hiiriift  your  Majcsty'n  tiovt-riior  of  New  Vnrk,  liatli  already  (oriiu'd  ii 
m-lifiiu'  for  lliiH  purpose,  wliicli  we  hope  he  may  he  ahle  to  ex«'nite,  hy  the  coiiseiit  &  assistance 
of  the  Seneeas,  one  o\'  the  live  Indian  Nations  dependent  on  your  M.-ijesty,  to  whom  the 
soil  l)elongii. 

Hut  hecani.e  these  flakes  l)e  at  n  very  p;rent  distance  from  the  Settlements  already  made  hy 
yonr  Mnjesty's  suhjeets.  to  secure  intermediate  states,  a  third  fort  mi^iit  he  hnilt  at  the  head 
of  I'otomack  Kiver;  which  divides  \  ir^inia  from  Maryland,  &  a  fourth  at  the  head  of  Sus(juehana 
Wiver,  which  runs  throu«h  I'ennsylvania,  into  the  May  of  (Mieseaprake. 

(.'arolina  likewise  l»ein>{  the  Southern  frontier  of  your  Majesty's  I'huitations,  and  iyinp  mu<'h 
exposed  to  the  incursions  l)olli  of  tlie  french  &  Spaniards,  as  well  as  to  the  iiisidls  of  the  lndi!"> 
demands  your  Majesty's  immediate  assistance  and  protection. 

It  would  \w  for  your  Majcstys  service,  that  the  heads  Sc  endmuchures  of  all  rivers  n  i 
throuph  this  provitu'e  should  he  secured.  .And  in  our  liumhie  opinion,  a  less  force  than  lour 
regiments  of  foot  will  not  he  Hutlicieiit  for  the  protection  of  you.  ^Iiijf.-,ty'"  :;ulijcc|s  there; 
especially  considerinu;  how  many  places  will  rcipiire  garri^ons  :  For  hesides  those  already 
mentioned  under  the  head  of  C'arolimi,  it  will  lie  hinhly  necessary,  that  three  others  should  he 
erected  on  the  Savanah,  ('atahooche,  &  IIagoloi,'c  Itiver.i;  (or  at  I'alachakolas,  on  the  Savanah 
Kiver,  the  french  had  tormerly  a  settlement,  in  the  time  uf  Charles  the  Ninth,  Sc  intend  to  settle 
there  again,  if  not  prevented. 

A  lort  on  Catahooche  Kiver  would  Hecure  a  communication  with  tlie  hay  of  Apolatche,  & 
another  on  Hagaloge  River  might  not  only  interrupt  the  communication  of  the  french  settlements, 
hut  likewise  give  your  Majesty's  suhjccts  an  o|ip<)rtunity  of  gaining  the  (^herokees,  a  warlike 
nation  and  the  only  Indians  of  consecpienee  in  those  parts,  that  have  not  already  made  peace 
with  the  french. 

We  are  very  .sensible,  that  this  proposal  will  be  attended  with  e.\pense;  l)ut  we  hope  it 
iiidy  he  fidly  justified  by  the  necessity  thereof,  for  the  preservation  of  tlie  British  Colonies 
in  America. 


\S    RELATION    TO    THE    I.XDIAN'S. 

The  second  particular,  wherein  your  Majesty's  interest  is  highly  concerned,  with  respect  to 
the  trade  &  the  security  of  the  British  Plantations,  is  that  of  cultivating  a  good  understanding 
with  the  .Native  Iiulians,  as  well  those  iidiabiting  amongst  your  Majesty's  Subjects,  as  tho.se  that 
borcb'r  upon  your  Majesty's  dominions  in  America;  and  herein  at  all  times  hath  consisted  the 
main  support  of  our  french  neighbours,  who  are  so  truly  sensible,  of  what  consequence  it  is 
to  any  Kuropean  nation,  settling  in  America,  to  gain  the  natives  to  their  interest ;  tliat  they 
have  spared  no  pains,  nor  cost,  or  artifice  to  attain  this  desirable  end ;  wherein  it  must  be 
allowed,  that  they  have  succeeded,  to  the  great  preju<iice  of  your  Majesty's  subjects  in  those 
parts,  liaving  debauched,  as  hath  already  been  observed  some  parts  of  the  five  nations  bordering 
upon  New  York  from  their  Ancient  league  Sc  dependence  on  the  Crown  of  Great  Britain. 

6 


r,*f'^^E5iE£3.i_  ;    .^_ 


I- 


!■'> .  ' '" 

1 

ift- 


S':'^ 

|;; ,;: 

hi   . 

ft! 


(  f 


3S 


Jiei)/'e/fentatiou  on  the 


For  this  purpose  their  Missionaries  are  constantly  employed,  frequent  presents  are  made  to 
tlie  Sachems  or  Kings  of  the  several  .Nations,  &  eiico\iragemeiit  given  lor  intermarriages 
between  the  french  &  natives;  wherehy  their  new  Kmpire  may  in  time  he  peopled,  without 
draining  france  of  its  inhabitants. 

It  was  for  this  reason,  that,  in  the  draught  of  Instructions  for  the  (lovernor  of  Nova  Scotia, 
we  took  tlie  liberty  of  proposing  to  your  Majesty  that  proper  encouragement  should  he  given 
to  such  of  your  .Majesty's  subjects  as  should  intermarry  with  the  native  Indians;  and  we 
conceive  it  might  be  for  your  .Majesty's  service  tiiat  the  said  Instructions  should  be  extended  to 
ull  other  British  Colonies. 

Your  Majesty  &  your  Royal  Predecessors,  have  frequently  made  presents  to  the  Indian  Chiefs, 
more  particularly  to  those  of  the  live  n;itions;  but  as  the  same  have  always  hitherto  been  a 
charge  upon  the  Civil  list,  which  is  generally  overburlliened,  so  those  presents  have  not  been 
very  regularly  or  seasonably  sent  to  America;  &  consequently  many  opportunities  of  improving 
the  British  interest  in  those  parts,  must  iiave  been  lost,  for  want  of  them  ;  for  which  reason,  it 
is  to  be  hoped,  that  more  exactness  will  he  had  in  this  particular  for  the  future. 

It  is  likewise  much  to  be  lamented,  that  our  zeal  lor  propagating  of  the  Cliristian  liiith  in 
parts  beyond  the  seas,  hath  not  hitherto  much  enlarged  the  pah  of  the  British  Church  amongst 
those  poor  intidels,  or  in  any  sort  contrihuteti  to  promote  the  interest  of  the  Staie  in  .\merica; 
but  as  it  is  not  so  immedifitely  our  province  to  propose  any  tiling  particular  upon  this  head,  we 
can  only  wisii,  that  the  same  may  be  !    realter  put  upon  a  better  foot. 

There  is  however  one  other  melhe  '»'t't  for  gaming  the  good  will  of  these  Indians,  which 
providence  has  put  into  our  iiands,  ;■  il  wherein  the  french  could  not  possibly  lival  us,  if  we 
made  a  right  use  of  our  advantage,  ii  that  is,  the  furnishing  of  them,  at  honest  &  reasonable 
prices,  with  the  several  Kuropean  cummodilics,  ihey  may  have  occasion  lor,  but  even  this 
particular,  from  the  unreasonable  avarice  of  our  Indian  traders,  &  the  want  of  proper  regulations, 
has  turned  to  our  detriment,  and  instead  of  gaining  us  Iriends,  has  very  probably  created  as 
many  enemies. 

But  as  we  are  entirely  of  opinion,  that  the  Indian  trade,  if  fairly  carried  on,  would  greatly 
contribute  to  the  increase  of  your  .Majesty's  power  &  Interest  in  .Xmerica,  we  should  humbly 
propose,  that  the  same  may  be  put  under  as  good  regulations,  as  the  nature  of  the  thing  will 
admit,  for  on  the  successful  progress  ol  this  trade  the  enlargement  of  your  -Majesty's  dominions 
in  those  parts  doth  almost  entirely  depend,  in  as  much  as  all  the  Settlements,  that  may  at  any 
time  hereafter  be  made  beyond  the  .Mountains,  or  on  the  Lakes,  must  necessarily  build  their 
hopes  of  support  much  more  upon  the  advantage  to  be  made  by  the  Indian  trade,  than  upon 
any  profits  to  arise  from  planting  at  so  great  a  distance  from  the  sea. 

This  trade  then  ought  by  all  possible  means  to  be  encouraged  ;  it  ought  to  be  equally  free  in 
all  parts,  to  all  your  Majesty's  Subjects  in  America,  &  all  monoi)olies  thereof  discouraged,  that 
no  one  Colony,  or  sett  of  people  whatsoever  may  engross  the  same,  to  the  prejudice  of 
their  neighbours. 

All  your  Majesty's  Governors,  in  their  respective  governments,  should  use  their  utmost 
endeavours  to  prevent  the  traders  from  imposing  upon  the  Indians ;  upon  complaint  of  any 
injustice  done  them,  cause  satisfaction  to  be  made,  and,  upou  all  occasions,  shew  the  utmost 
resentments  against  the  offenders. 

And  that  your  Majesty's  subjects  may  be  the  more  easily  induced  to  extend  this  trade  as  far 
Westward,  upon  the  lakes  &  rivers  behind  the  Mountains,  as  the  situation  &  ability  of  the 
respective  Colonies  will  permit;  forts  should  be  built,  &  garrisons  settled  in  proper  places 
to  protect  them. 


SUtte  of  the  Coloni€<9. 


89 


It  would  likewise  he  for  your  Mfijcsty'sservici',  that  ihc  several  Governors  of  your  Majesty's 
plantations  should  endeavour  to  make  treaties  &  alliances  of  friendship  witii  as  many  Indian 
Nations  as  tiiey  can;  in  which  tre.-ities  all  your  Majesty's  suhjects  should  he  expressly  included; 
all  the  Indian  Nations,  in  amity  with  your  Majesty's  suhjects,  should,  if  possihie,  he  reconciled 
to  eacli  other;  &  all  traders  should  he  instructed  to  use  their  endeavours  to  convince  the  said 
Indians,  that  tlie  Knglish  have  l)ut  one  King,  &  one  interest. 

And  if  any  Iiulian  Nation,  in  leagiie  or  (riendsliip  with  any  of  your  Majesty's  Colonies,  should 
make  war,  plunder,  or  any  way  molest  any  other  Indian  Nation,  in  friendsiiip  with  the  same 
Colony,  Vour  Majesty's  (Governors  should  use  all  possihie  endeavours  to  ohli>j;e  tiie  said  Indians 
to  make  satisfaction  for  tiieir  hreacli  of  (aith  to  the  party  aggrieved. 

And  that  all  tiie  (Jovernors  of  your  Majesty's  plantations  may  he  informed  of  the  state  of 
every  other  (iovernuient,  with  respect  to  the  Indians,  it  will  lie  necessary,  that  every  governor 
upon  his  making  any  treaty  witii  any  Indian  niitiuu,  should  immediately  communicate  the  same 
to  all  other  your  Majesty's  (iovernors  upon  the  Continent. 

We  are  likewise  of  opinion,  that  it  might  he  convenient  to  imitate  the  frencli,  in  sending 
iiome  some  chiefs  of  the  most  considerahle  Clans  or  luitions,  to  wliom  they  take  care  to  shew 
the  (Jlory  &  splendor  of  the  frencli  nation  in  Kiirope,  tliat  the  said  Indians  may,  upon  their 
return,  instill  the  greater  respect  for  llieni  anuing  their  countrymen. 

All  which  particulars  would,  in  our  Iniuihlf  opinion,  much  conduce  to  the  securing  of  the 
natives  in  your  .Majcstys  Interest,  &  to  the  enlargement  of  your  frontiers  in  America. 

1\    KKI.ATION    TO    THE    GoVEIlNMENT    OF    THK     PLANTATIONS. 

The  Laws  &  constitutiims  of  your  Majesty's  Colonies  are  copied  from  those  of  Great 
Uritaiii,  hut  fall  short  of  them  in  many  particulars;  some  of  which  have  however  from  time  to 
time  heen  corrected  iV  amended  hy  your  Majesty's  Instructions  to  the  respective  (iovernors  of 
tlie  ditferent  Colonies  under  your  Majesty's  immediate  government;  and  they  might  he  rendered 
still  more  perfect,  if  vour  Majesty's  Commands  met  with  due  ohedience  in  the  proprietary  & 
Charter  riovernmenls. 

This  is  the  great  ohstacle,  which  has  hitiierto  made  it  impracticahle  to  put  the  plantations 
in  general  upon  a  i)elter  foot ;  &  therefore  we  shall  heg  leave  to  mention  some  of  those 
inconveniencies,  that  have  arisen  from  the  large  powers  &  privileges,  suhsisting  hy  virtue  of 
several  Charters,  granted  hy  your  Majesty's  Koyal  Predecessors;  wherehy  not  only  the  soil, 
hut  likt'wise  the  duniiniou  or  (Joverument  of  several  Colonies  is  ahsolutely  alienated  from  the 
(,'rown,  to  certain  proprietors,  who  far  from  employing  the  said  powers  &:  privileges  to  the 
use  for  which  they  were  designetl,  as  we  find  hy  former  reports  from  this  hoard,  iiave  frequently 
refused  ohedience  lo  such  orders  as  have  Ix'cii  given  hy  your  Majesty's  Uoyal  Predecessors; 
have  hroken  through  the  laws  of  trade  \-  navigation;  made  laws  of  their  own,  contrary  to 
those  of  <;reat  Ihilain;  given  shelter  to  pirates  and  outlaws,  &  refuse  to  contrihute  to  the 
defence  of  the  Neighhouring  Colonies  under  Vour  Majesty's  immediate  (iovernuient,  even  in 
cases  of  the  greatest  emergency,  altlio'  they  would  not  have  heen  ahle  to  suhsist  themselves 
without  the  assistance  of  their  neighours. 

And  although,  in  justice  to  some  of  the  proprietary  (lovernments,  it  must  he  allowed,  that 
they  are  not  all  ecjually  involved  in  this  charge;  yet  certain  it  is,  that  great  inconveniencies 
do  arise  from  so  many  tlifVerent  forms  of  (iovernments,  &  so  many  «lifVerent  interests  on  the 
Continent  of  America;  nor  is  it  to  he  expected,  that  either  our  Indians  or  Kuropean  neighhours 
Bhuuld  pay  that  respect  to  your  Majesty's  suhjects,  which  all  those  who  have  the  happiness  to 


i  ■ 


Si     ■> 


/t--. 


li-'r^ 


1  '■ 


V.    ■  ■     I 


40 


Jiepre^entation  on  tht 


be  under  Your  Mnjesty's  protection, 
tliiit  all  the  British  Toloiiies  in 
interest  to  puisne;  lor  which  reiison, 
proprietary  irovernnients  shonhi    he   rf-assnine( 


inisht  otlierwise  reasonai)Iy  hope  for,  until  it  shall  appear, 
America  hold  inunc.li^ilclv   nt   one  l-citl,  iV   have  hnl  one  joint 


or   otherwise,  as  conceivinu;    this 


iV  many  otliers,  we  shall  lirsl  iuimhly  propose,  that  all  the 
(i  to  the  ('row II,  either  i)y  purchase,  aiireenient, 
f  those    essential   points,  willioiil    which   your 


to   1 


)e   one   o 


Mnjestv's  colonies  can  never  lie  put  upon  a  riiiht  lootinu: 

It   niiuht    likewise  he  further  ohservetl  upon  this  head,  thnl    some  ol'  the  I'roprietary  and 
charier  ( ioverninents  have  shewn  too   i:rcat   an   inclination   to  he  iiide|iciuli'iit  ot  their   Mother 


kiinrdoiii,  iV  have  carried  on  a  trade 


■ilni 


uiiilo 


uhtt 


ne  more  i 


fleet  i 


velv   res 


•tive  to   that  ol  (ueat    iiiitaiii,  wh.  rein  they  iniu 
Iraiiicd,   if  thev   were  all  ot  them    under  your   Majestyi 


ht 


immediate  povernnient,  &  were  hv  projicr  laws   compelled   to  follow  the  comniands  sent   them 
by  VDur  Maiestv;   \-  it  hath  ever  heei.  .iie  wisdom,  not  onlv  cil   (ireat  Hrilaiii.  hut    likewise  of 


diate  (It 


all  otiier  states  to  secure,  hy  all  ]i(issii)lc  means,  the  entire.  aOsolute,  A:  immeiliaie  depeiuleiicy 
of  their  colonies. 

On  the  other  li.and,  it  were  hut  jiisi  to  consider  the  planters,  whatever  <  Jovernmeiils  they 
may  live  under,  as  your  .Majesty's  siil)|ects;  and  that  in  all  reasmiahle  ihiims,  not  prejudicial 
to  the  in.L'rest  of  (ireat  liritain,  thev  sliould  he  tiivoiired  \- encoiiraired,  more  particularly  ill 
the  raisinir  of  Naval  Stores  of  all  kimis,  whereby  tli?'y  may  ureatly  aiKaiitaue  theniseUes,  iNc 
contrihute  to  render  ttieir  Mother  Kinudom  absolutely  independent  ot  all  the  .Northern  powers; 
&  that  their  reliijion,  liberties  &  properties  should  he  inviolahly  |)reser\e(i  to  them. 

We  have  already  had  a  very  snccesslul  proof  ot  what  due  eiicoiiraiiemeiils  produce,  in  the 
particulars  of  pilch  &  tar;  which  at  present  are  made  in  as  ureal  perlection  in  your  Majesty's 
plantations,  as  in  ■  .ly  other  part  ol  the  world,  \  in  siicii  plenty,  as  will  enahle  us  to  supply 
foreign  parts,  since  it  hath  reduced  the  common  price  of  those  I'lunmodities  one  third  of  their 
former  cost  witliiu  the  space  of  a  very  lew  years,  vvherehy  the  importation  ol' pitch  &  tar  fVoiii 
the  Ualtick  is  greatly  decreased,  \-  much  money  saved  in  the  halance  of  our  trade.  Nor  is  it 
to  be  doubted,  but  iron,  liax,  hemp,  iV  all  sorts  of  tiniher,  might  likewise  he  had  from  your 
Majesty's  plantations,  with  the  same  success,  upon  sullicieiit  encouragemeiii  wherehv  tlu'  tradti 
&  navigatioii  of  these  realms  would  he  highly  advanced.  \-  the  pl.intatioiis  diverted  from  the 
thoughts  of  setting  up  manufactures  ol  their  own.  iiilerleriiig  with  tiiose  of  (Jreat  liritain,  & 
Irom  carrying  on  an  illicit  trade  with  fiireimiers;  hut  we  shall  have  all  opportunity  of  explaining 
ourselves  more  particularly  upon  this  head,  in  a  separate  re|ireseiitalioii  to  your  .Majesty 
relating  to  such  further  |)remiiims  as  we  conceive  necessary  for  promoting  so  eseliil  a  design. 

\oiir  majestys  revenues,  arisini;  from  the  <piit  rents  reserved  upon  grants  of  lands  made  hy 
your  .Majesty  I'c  your  Hoyal  rredeeessors,  hear  no  proportion  to  the  extent  of  your  Majesty's 
territories  in  America;  Itir  such  has  heeii  the  impro\i(|etit  management  in  ihis  particular,  that 
whole  provinces  have  been  granted  without  any,  or  upon  very  small  reservations  to  the  crown  ; 
&  the  (iovernors  of  your  Miijesty's  colonies,  who  are  hy  their  ('oniiiii.ssions  &:  Instruciiona 
usually  impowered  to  make  irranls  of  lauds,  have  freijueiiilv  ahiised  their  authority  herein,  by 
making  exorbitant  grants  to  private  persons,  &  the  small  .[uit  rents,  that  have  been  reserved, 
liave   not   been  so   punctually  collected   &-   .iceounted   for,   as    they   oiiirht  to   have    been:   The 


registers  of  such  (Jrants  being  very  iiupeilectly  kepi  &  iiodue  ohed 


Auditor  of   the  planlalions.     'I'liere  are  likewise  other  al 
up  lands,  whereby  the  grantees  preserve  their 


ience  jiaiii  to  your  .Majesty's 


luses  practised  in  the  manner  of  taking 


aim,  wildest  voiir 


M, 


<tv  1 


s  Ueiraui 


b-d  of 


quit-rents,  the  lands  remain  uncultivated,  &  the  industry  of  the  fair  planter  is  discouraged." 


your 


'  •t^'t^'-i-'i- 


State  of  the  C'olonie.^. 


41 


To  prevent  these  abuses,  it  may  he  necessary  (or  your  Majesty's  service,  that  the  Governors 
ol  your  Majesty's  Colonies  on  tiie  conlincut  should  lor  the  future  he  restrained  from  uiakiug 
^ranls,  without  reservation  of  the  usual  (|uil-reiit.s  to  your  Majesty:  &  from  making  any  grants 
exceeding  I0()0  acr»'s  to  any  person  in  his  own,  or  any  otlier  name  in  trust  for  him;  and  that 
all  grants,  hereafter  to  i)e  made,  should  he  void,  unless  the  hmd  granted,  or  at  least  two  thirds 
tliereoli  he  cultivated  within  a  certain  term  of  years  to  be  lixed  for  that  purpose. 

That  no  person  should  he  allowed  to  hold  any  lands,  for  which  a  patent  hath  not  been 
actually  passed,  either  under  the  seal  of  the  respective  plantation,  or  the  great  Seal  of  this 
Kingdom,  &  that  all  persons  petitioning  for  the  future,  to  take  up  lands,  should  be  obliged, 
u|»on  allowance  of  such  |ieti(ion  to  pass  a  patent  for  the  same  within  the  space  of  six  years,  & 
pay  liu*  usual  duties  due  thereon  to  your  Majesty;  in  default  whereof,  tlie  said  allowance  to  be 
void,  &  the  land  to  he  grantiihie  to  any  other  person. 

That  an  exact  register  be  ke|)t  of  all  grants  already  made  or  to  be  made;  that  the  quit-rents 
arising  therefrom  i;e  duly  accounted  for  to  your  Majesty's  Auditor  of  the  plantations;  And 
that  likewise  all  money  whatsoever  levyed  in  your  Majesty's  name,  in  any  of  your  Majesty's 
Colonies  be  accounted  for  to  the  said  Auditor;  wiiich  we  the  rather  mention,  l)ecause  some  of  the 
Northern  provinces  (particularly  that  of  New  York,  iuive  of  late  refused  to  account  with  your 
Miijesty's  Auditor,  for  monies  raised  by  their  Assemblies;  which  is  a  practice  detrimental  to 
your  Majesty's  authority,  &:  tends  to  the  shaking  oH'  that  dependency,  which  they  owe  to  your 
Miijcsty  &  to  their  inollier  Kingdom. 

Tlie  preservation  of  the  woods  in  America,  which  hath  liitherto  been  much  neglected,  is 
another  particular  of  very  great  conseipience  to  your  Majesty's  service;  inasmuch  as  the  same 
might  prove  an  inexhaustible  store  lor  the  Itoyal  Navy  of  (ireat  Britain.  And  allhough 
several  Parliaments  have  been  so  seusil>le  of  the  importance  of  this  .\rticle,  that  laws  have 
been  made  in  Kngland  for  litis  purpose,  yet  the  daily  com|)laints  from  .\merica  are  a  proof 
how  ill  these  lasvs  are  executed,  &  how  little  regard  is  paid  to  your  Majesty's  Commission  & 
lusiructions  to  your  Surveyor  (ieru'ral  of  the  Woods;  which  is  not  so  much  to  be  wouder»'d 
at,  considering  the  present  Surveyor  only  acts  by  Deputy,  no  ways  qualitied  lor  that 
I'inplovment,  although  so  extensive  a  trust  would  reipiire  the  constant  attendance  of  a  capable 
\-  well  experienced  oflicer,  &  ought  not  to  be  left  to  the  managemi'iit  of  a  Deputy. 

r>ut  the  many  iiuonveiiiencies,  thai  arise  from  the  granting  of  Ollices  in  the  plantations  to 
persons  acting  by  De|iuly  there,  may  deserve  your  Majesty's  animadversion;  and  we  would 
lu.mbiv  jiropose,  that  no  oHiii-s  ii.  the  plantations  may  be  granted  for  the  future,  without  an 
expri'ss  clause  in  each  patent,  obliging  the  grantee  to  attend  &  discharge  the  duty  of  liis  otlice 
in  person. 

Wi-  beg  leave  turther  to  observe,  that  the  laws  at  present  in  force  for  the  preservation  of 
your  Map'sty's  woods,  are  very  defective,  for  the  exception  therein  made,  whereby  liberty  is 
given  lor  the  cntting  of  timber  growing  upon  the  l.inds  of  several  persons,  hath  given  rise  to 
many  pretensions  toi  destroying  timber  tit  for  the  service  of  the  l{oyal  Navy;  wherelore  we 
would  huuihlv  propose,  that  further  provision  should  he  made,  by  Act  of  Parliament  iu  Creat 
Uritain,  for  asciMtaining  your  Majesty's  rii;ht  to  the  woods,  &  the  boundaries  thereof. 

hut  the  most  etVeclual  way  to  put  in  execution  what  we  have  already  oHere<l  upon  this 
suhjecl  lo  your  Majesty's  consideration,  &  to  render  the  several  provinces  on  the  Continent  of 

A rica,  from   Nova  Scotia  to  South  Carolina,  mutually  subservient   to  each  others  support, 

will  be  lo  put  the  whole  under  the  Covernmenl  of  one  Lord  Lieutenant,  or  Captain  Ceneral, 


'T  I 


42 


Representation  on  the  State  of  tlie  Colonies. 


y'fl:' 


IM.;- 


-iH! 


>'-    1, 


,.i   ,  J 


from  whom  all  olliors  Governors  of  pTVticiilnr  provim-os  slioiilii  rccoivp  llit'ir  orders,  in  ail 
cases,  for  vour  ]\I,ijesty's  service,  &-  cease  to  have  any  coiniiiaiKl  resiieelively  in  such  |>roviriee, 
where  the  said  (.,'aiitaiii  (ieneral  siiali  at  any  tin)e  reside,  as  is  at  present  pmetised  in  tho 
Leeward   Islands,    wliere   oaeii    Island    has   a    particuhir    (Jovernor,   hut   one    general    over 

the  whole. 

The  said  Captain  deneral  should  he  constantly  attended  hy  two  or  more  t'onnciihirs  deputed 
from  each  plantation,  he  should  have  a  fixed  >Jalary,  sutVicient  to  support  the  dignity  of  so 
important  an  employment,  independent  of  tiie  pleasure  of  the  Iniiahitants ;  and,  in  onr 
JHunhle  opinion,  ought  to  be  a  jiers.iu  (i(  good  fortune,  di.stinetion  &  experience. 

Bv  this  means,  a  general  contnhiition  of  men  or  money  may  he  raised  upon  the  several 
Colonies,  in  proportion  to  their  respective  ahilities,  \-  the  utility  of  this  proposal  is  so  evident, 
that  we  shall  not  trouhle  your  Majesty  vvith  any  further  reasons  to  enforce  tlies:un";  !>ut  in 
ease  your  Majesty  should  he  graciously  pleased  to  approv  thereof,  we  shall  take  a  further 
opportunity  of  explaining,  in  what  manner  it  may  hest  he  executed. 

Hut  we  humbly  crave  leav«'  to  inform  your  Majesty,  that  it  will  he  further  necessary  for  your 
service,  that  whoever  presides  at  this  Hoard,  may  be  particularly  and  distinctly  charged  with 
your  .M.ijesty's  iuimi'iiate  orders,  in  the  (lisp:itch  of  all  matters  relating  to  the  I'lanlations,  in 
such  manner,  as  the  first  Commissioner  of  the  'I'reasury,  &  Admiralty,  do  now  r«'ceive  & 
execute  your  Majesty's  commands  ;  with  whom  the  Captain  (Jeneral,  &-  nil  other  (iovernors  of 
your  .Majesty's  IManlations,  may  correspond. 

We  the  rather  mention  this,  hec.ause  the  present  method  of  dispatching  husinega,  relating 
to  the  Plantations,  is  liable  to  much  delay  &  conl'usion ;  inasmuch  as  there  are  at  present  no 
less  than  three  ditferent  ways  of  proceeding  herein;  that  is  to  say,  hy  immediate  np|)lieation 
to  your  Maje.:ty  hy  one  of  your  Secreta.ies  of  State;  by  petition  to  your  .Majesty  in  Council, 
&•.  by  represent  \t  ion  to  your  Majesty  from  this  Hoard:  from  wlien(t'  it  hapjiens,  that  no  one 
Ollice  is  thoroughly  informed  of  all  matters  relating  to  the  I'lantations ;  and  sometimes  iirders 
are  obtained  by  surprize,  disadvantageous  to  your  Majestys  Service;  whereas  if  the  bnsmes.s 
of  the  I'lantations  were  wholly  contined  to  one  ( Mlice,  these  inconveniencies  would  l)e 
thereby  avoided. 

All  which  is  nuist  humbly  submitted. 

J.    (  'lllMWVM* 
I*.    DoKMISIyVK. 

^^'''''•'■""i"  M.  lli.Am:.v. 

f^i'P'S.  1721  K.  AsHK. 


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